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Drug overview for OLANZAPINE (olanzapine):
Generic name: OLANZAPINE (oh-LAN-za-peen)
Drug class: Antipsychotics
Therapeutic class: Central Nervous System Agents
Olanzapine is considered an atypical or second-generation antipsychotic agent.
Olanzapine is used orally for the symptomatic management of psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) in adults and adolescents 13-17 years of age. In addition, oral olanzapine is used alone in adults and adolescents 13-17 years of age or in conjunction with lithium or valproate in adults for the management of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder; the drug also is used for longer-term maintenance monotherapy in patients with this disorder. Short-acting olanzapine injection is used IM for the management of acute agitation in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.
Long-acting olanzapine pamoate injection is used IM for the management of schizophrenia in adults. Olanzapine is used orally in combination with fluoxetine for the treatment of acute depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults and pediatric patients 10-17 years of age. The drug also is used orally in combination with fluoxetine for the acute and maintenance therapy of treatment-resistant depression.
Olanzapine has been used orally in combination with other antiemetic agents for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy+, including high-dose cisplatin therapy in adults. The drug also has been used as rescue antiemetic therapy in patients with breakthrough cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting+.
Generic name: OLANZAPINE (oh-LAN-za-peen)
Drug class: Antipsychotics
Therapeutic class: Central Nervous System Agents
Olanzapine is considered an atypical or second-generation antipsychotic agent.
Olanzapine is used orally for the symptomatic management of psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) in adults and adolescents 13-17 years of age. In addition, oral olanzapine is used alone in adults and adolescents 13-17 years of age or in conjunction with lithium or valproate in adults for the management of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder; the drug also is used for longer-term maintenance monotherapy in patients with this disorder. Short-acting olanzapine injection is used IM for the management of acute agitation in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.
Long-acting olanzapine pamoate injection is used IM for the management of schizophrenia in adults. Olanzapine is used orally in combination with fluoxetine for the treatment of acute depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults and pediatric patients 10-17 years of age. The drug also is used orally in combination with fluoxetine for the acute and maintenance therapy of treatment-resistant depression.
Olanzapine has been used orally in combination with other antiemetic agents for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy+, including high-dose cisplatin therapy in adults. The drug also has been used as rescue antiemetic therapy in patients with breakthrough cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting+.
DRUG IMAGES
OLANZAPINE 10 MG TABLET
OLANZAPINE 15 MG TABLET
OLANZAPINE 20 MG TABLET
OLANZAPINE 2.5 MG TABLET
OLANZAPINE 5 MG TABLET
OLANZAPINE 7.5 MG TABLET
The following indications for OLANZAPINE (olanzapine) have been approved by the FDA:
Indications:
Bipolar disorder
Depression associated with bipolar disorder, adjunct treatment
Major depressive disorder treatment adjunct
Schizophrenia
Professional Synonyms:
Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder
Augmentation therapy for major depressive disorder
Bipolar affective disorder
Bipolar affective illness
Bipolar depression, adjunct treatment
Bipolar mood disorder
Dementia praecox
Depression associated with bipolar affective disorder, adjunct treatment
Major depressive disorder treatment augmentation
Manic-depressive illness
Parergasia
Indications:
Bipolar disorder
Depression associated with bipolar disorder, adjunct treatment
Major depressive disorder treatment adjunct
Schizophrenia
Professional Synonyms:
Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder
Augmentation therapy for major depressive disorder
Bipolar affective disorder
Bipolar affective illness
Bipolar depression, adjunct treatment
Bipolar mood disorder
Dementia praecox
Depression associated with bipolar affective disorder, adjunct treatment
Major depressive disorder treatment augmentation
Manic-depressive illness
Parergasia
The following dosing information is available for OLANZAPINE (olanzapine):
Olanzapine is commercially available as the base and as the pamoate salt; the dosage of olanzapine pamoate is expressed in terms of olanzapine.
Conventional olanzapine tablets and orally disintegrating tablets of the drug are bioequivalent. However, IM administration of a 5-mg dose of the commercially available short-acting olanzapine injection results in a maximum plasma olanzapine concentration that is about fivefold higher than that resulting from a 5-mg oral dose of the drug.
Dosage of olanzapine for psychiatric indications (e.g., psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder, treatment-resistant depression) must be adjusted carefully according to individual requirements and response, using the lowest possible effective dosage.
The manufacturer states that because only minimal amounts of olanzapine (about 7%) are excreted in urine and because the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine appear not to be altered in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, dosage adjustment is not necessary in such patients.
The manufacturer states that the extended-release IM formulation of olanzapine pamoate (Zyprexa(R) Relprevv) has not been specifically studied in patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment.
Conventional olanzapine tablets and orally disintegrating tablets of the drug are bioequivalent. However, IM administration of a 5-mg dose of the commercially available short-acting olanzapine injection results in a maximum plasma olanzapine concentration that is about fivefold higher than that resulting from a 5-mg oral dose of the drug.
Dosage of olanzapine for psychiatric indications (e.g., psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder, treatment-resistant depression) must be adjusted carefully according to individual requirements and response, using the lowest possible effective dosage.
The manufacturer states that because only minimal amounts of olanzapine (about 7%) are excreted in urine and because the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine appear not to be altered in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, dosage adjustment is not necessary in such patients.
The manufacturer states that the extended-release IM formulation of olanzapine pamoate (Zyprexa(R) Relprevv) has not been specifically studied in patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment.
No enhanced Administration information available for this drug.
| DRUG LABEL | DOSING TYPE | DOSING INSTRUCTIONS |
|---|---|---|
| OLANZAPINE 2.5 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 2 tablets (5 mg) by oral route once daily |
| OLANZAPINE 5 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (5 mg) by oral route once daily |
| OLANZAPINE 7.5 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (7.5 mg) by oral route once daily |
| OLANZAPINE 10 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (10 mg) by oral route once daily |
| OLANZAPINE 15 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (15 mg) by oral route once daily |
| OLANZAPINE 20 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (20 mg) by oral route once daily |
| DRUG LABEL | DOSING TYPE | DOSING INSTRUCTIONS |
|---|---|---|
| OLANZAPINE 2.5 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 2 tablets (5 mg) by oral route once daily |
| OLANZAPINE 5 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (5 mg) by oral route once daily |
| OLANZAPINE 7.5 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (7.5 mg) by oral route once daily |
| OLANZAPINE 10 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (10 mg) by oral route once daily |
| OLANZAPINE 15 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (15 mg) by oral route once daily |
| OLANZAPINE 20 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (20 mg) by oral route once daily |
The following drug interaction information is available for OLANZAPINE (olanzapine):
There are 1 contraindications.
These drug combinations generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient. A manufacturer label warning that indicates the contraindication warrants inclusion of a drug combination in this category, regardless of clinical evidence or lack of clinical evidence to support the contraindication.
| Drug Interaction | Drug Names |
|---|---|
| Iomeprol/Neuroleptics SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Neuroleptics may lower seizure threshold.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Use of iomeprol in a patient receiving a neuroleptic may increase the risk of seizure.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The manufacturer of iomeprol states that neuroleptics should be discontinued 48 hours before iomeprol use. Treatment with a neuroleptic should not be resumed until 24 hours post-procedure.(1) DISCUSSION: Because neuroleptics may lower seizure threshold, neuroleptics should be discontinued 48 hours before iomeprol use. Treatment with a neuroleptic should not be resumed until 24 hours post-procedure.(1) |
IOMERON 350 |
There are 5 severe interactions.
These drug interactions can produce serious consequences in most patients. Actions required for severe interactions include, but are not limited to, discontinuing one or both agents, adjusting dosage, altering administration scheduling, and providing additional patient monitoring. Review the full interaction monograph for more information.
| Drug Interaction | Drug Names |
|---|---|
| Cabergoline/Selected Dopamine Blockers SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Dopamine (D2) blockers such as the phenothiazines, butyrophenones, thioxanthenes and atypical antipsychotics may decrease the effects of cabergoline, a dopamine agonist.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent administration of cabergoline with dopamine blockers (e.g. phenothiazines, butyrophenones, or thio xanthines) may decrease the effectiveness of cabergoline.(1) Cabergoline may decrease the effectiveness of antipsychotic treatment. PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The manufacturer of cabergoline states cabergoline(1) should not be administered concurrently with dopamine antagonists. Avoid concurrent use when possible. If cabergoline is started in a patient receiving long term antipsychotic treatment, monitor closely for loss of antipsychotic efficacy. If an antipsychotic is required for a patient on long term cabergoline therapy, consider use of a shorter half-life, less potent dopamine (D2) blocking atypical antipsychotic (e.g. clozapine, quetiapine) and monitor closely. DISCUSSION: The manufacturer of cabergoline state that it should not be administered concurrently with dopamine antagonists. |
CABERGOLINE |
| Metoclopramide/Antipsychotics; Phenothiazines; Rivastigmine SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: These agents block dopamine (D2) receptors. D2 blockade can cause extrapyramidal reactions, such acute dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonian tremors, akathisia, or tardive dyskinesia. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome may also occur in patients receiving D2 blockers. The risk of these adverse effects may be increased by concurrent use.(1-3) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use may increase the risk of extrapyramidal reactions (e.g. acute dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonian tremors, akathisia, or tardive dyskinesia) and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Tardive dyskinesia, which may be permanent, typically affects the facial muscles and may result in uncontrollable lip smacking, chewing, puckering of the mouth, frowning or scowling, sticking out the tongue, blinking and moving the eyes, and shaking of the arms and/or legs.(1-3) Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, an autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and cardiac arrhythmias), elevated creatine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria (rhabdomyolysis), and acute renal failure.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Patients with Parkinson's or Lewy Body Disease may be more likely to have extrapyramidal reactions or unmasking of their primary disease symptoms. The risk of extrapyramidal symptoms is also increased in patients on metoclopramide for longer than 12 weeks. Elderly patients, especially elderly women, and diabetics are at higher risk of developing tardive dyskinesia. Other extrapyramidal symptoms, like acute dystonia, have occurred more frequently in patients younger than 30 years old.(1) PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The concurrent use of metoclopramide and agents likely to cause extrapyramidal reactions should be avoided.(1) If concurrent use is warranted, monitor patients closely for extrapyramidal reactions and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The manufacturer of metoclopramide says to avoid treatment with metoclopramide for longer than 12 weeks, and to use the lowest possible dose.(1) Discontinue therapy if symptoms occur. Instruct patients to seek immediate medical attention if symptoms develop. Symptoms of extrapyramidal reactions, including tardive dyskinesia, include involuntary movements of limbs and facial grimacing, torticollis, oculogyric crisis, rhythmic protrusion of the tongue, bulbar type of speech, trismus, and/or dystonic reactions resembling tetanus/stridor/dyspnea.(3) DISCUSSION: Both metoclopramide and phenothiazines can cause extrapyramidal reactions, such as tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The risk may be increased by concurrent use.(1,2) Extrapyramidal symptoms have been reported with concurrent metoclopramide and neuroleptics, prochlorperazine, and chlorpromazine.(4-6) |
GIMOTI, METOCLOPRAMIDE HCL, REGLAN |
| Selected Dopamine Agonists/Selected Antipsychotics SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Selected dopamine agonists are used to treat neurologic conditions such as Parkinson Disease (PD)or restless legs syndrome, and endocrine disorders such as hyperprolactinemia by directly or indirectly increasing dopamine concentrations at D2 receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Antipsychotic agents counteract this effect by blocking dopamine activity at CNS D2 receptors.(1-5) CLINICAL EFFECTS: The efficacy of either agent may be decreased, leading to exacerbation of the disease being treated. In patients with Parkinson disease motor symptoms may worsen, increasing the risk for falls, dysphagia or aspiration.(4,7) Compared with Parkinson patients not receiving antipsychotic therapy, Parkinson patients receiving antipsychotics appear to have an increased mortality risk.(6) Patients with other conditions such as restless legs syndrome or a psychotic disorder may also experience symptom exacerbation due to this combination. PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Patients with Parkinson or Diffuse Lewy Body (DLB) disease are particularly susceptible to adverse effects of dopamine blockade by antipsychotics. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Reassess the need for antipsychotic therapy. If psychosis or hallucinations are due to an antiparkinson agent, when possible consider reducing the dose or changing the antiparkinson agent before initiating antipsychotic therapy. In patients with PD and dementia, addition of a cholinesterase inhibitor (e.g. rivastigmine) may improve psychosis. If an antipsychotic is required, then an atypical antipsychotic should be used.(6,7) In patients with major psychotic disorders, consider reducing the dose, changing or stopping the dopamine agonist. The US manufacturer of ropinirole recommends treatment with dopamine agonists only if potential benefits outweigh risks.(1) The US manufacturer of entacapone states it should not ordinarily be used in patients with major psychotic disorders as entacapone may lead to an exacerbation of psychosis.(4) DISCUSSION: An epidemiologic study evaluated 21,043 elderly patients with Parkinson disease to determine if recent initiation of a typical or atypical antipsychotic was associated with increased mortality. They found an adjusted odds ratio of 2.0 for death associated with atypical antipsychotics versus no antipsychotic They found an adjusted odds ratio of 2.4 for death associated with typical versus atypical antipsychotics. The authors noted the increased mortality found with typical antipsychotics supports current treatment recommendations to use atypical antipsychotic agents in patients with Parkinson disease.(6,7) |
APOKYN, APOMORPHINE HCL, BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE, CARBIDOPA-LEVODOPA, CARBIDOPA-LEVODOPA ER, CARBIDOPA-LEVODOPA-ENTACAPONE, CREXONT, CYCLOSET, DHIVY, DUOPA, INBRIJA, LEVODOPA, MIRAPEX ER, NEUPRO, ONAPGO, PRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE, PRAMIPEXOLE ER, ROPINIROLE ER, ROPINIROLE HCL, RYTARY, SINEMET, VYALEV |
| Sodium Oxybate/Agents that May Cause Respiratory Depression SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Oxybate by itself may be associated with severe somnolence or respiratory depression. Concurrent use with other CNS depressants may further increase the risk for respiratory depression or loss of consciousness.(1-3) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of sodium oxybate and sedative hypnotics or alcohol may further increase the risk for profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death.(1,2) Fatalities have been reported.(3) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Based upon FDA evaluation of deaths in patients taking sodium oxybate, risk factors may include: use of multiple drugs which depress the CNS, more rapid than recommended oxybate dose titration, exceeding the maximum recommended oxybate dose, and prescribing for unapproved uses such as fibromyalgia, insomnia or migraine. Note that in oxybate clinical trials for narcolepsy 78% - 85% of patients were also receiving concomitant CNS stimulants.(1-3) PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Avoid use of concomitant opioids, benzodiazepines, sedating antidepressants, sedating antipsychotics, general anesthetics, or muscle relaxants, particularly when predisposing risk factors are present. If combination use is required, dose reduction or discontinuation of one or more CNS depressants should be considered. If short term use of an opioid or general anesthetic is required, consider interruption of sodium oxybate treatment.(1,2) Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially during therapy initiation and following dosage increases. Consider this risk when using concurrently with other agents that may cause CNS depression.(4) Discuss naloxone with all patients when prescribing or renewing an opioid analgesic or medicine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Consider prescribing naloxone to patients prescribed medicines to treat OUD or opioid analgesics (such as those taking CNS depressants) who are at increased risk of opioid overdose and when a patient has household members/close contacts at risk for accidental overdose.(5) DISCUSSION: The FDA evaluated sodium oxybate postmarket fatal adverse event reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(AERS)and from the manufacturer. Although report documentation was not always optimal or complete, useful information was obtained. Factors which may have contributed to fatal outcome: concomitant use of one or more drugs which depress the CNS, more rapid than recommended oxybate dose titration, exceeding the maximum recommended oxybate dose, and prescribing for unapproved uses such as fibromyalgia, insomnia or migraine. Many deaths occurred in patients with serious psychiatric disorders such as depression and substance abuse. Other concomitant diseases may have also contributed to respiratory and CNS depressant effects of oxybate.(3) |
LUMRYZ, LUMRYZ STARTER PACK, SODIUM OXYBATE, XYREM, XYWAV |
| Opioids (Cough and Cold)/Antipsychotics; Phenothiazines SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concurrent use of opioids and antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in additive CNS depression.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of opioids and other CNS depressants, such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of adverse effects. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Avoid prescribing opioid-including cough medications for patients taking CNS depressants such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives.(1) Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially during therapy initiation and following dosage increases. Consider this risk when using concurrently with other agents that may cause CNS depression.(2) If concurrent use is necessary, monitor patients for unusual dizziness or lightheadedness, extreme sleepiness, slowed or difficult breathing, or unresponsiveness.(1) Discuss naloxone with all patients when prescribing or renewing an opioid analgesic or medicine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Consider prescribing naloxone to patients prescribed medicines to treat OUD or opioid analgesics (such as those taking CNS depressants) who are at increased risk of opioid overdose and when a patient has household members/close contacts at risk for accidental overdose.(3) DISCUSSION: A nested case-control study looked at the relationship between antipsychotic use and risk of acute respiratory failure. Current use of antipsychotics was associated with a 2.33-fold increase in risk of respiratory failure compared to no use of antipsychotics. The risk was also significantly increased in patients with recent use of antipsychotics (within the past 15-30 days, OR = 1.79) and recent past use (within 31-90 days OR = 1.41). The risk increased with higher doses and longer duration of use.(4) Between 2002 and 2014, the number of patients receiving an opioid analgesic increased 8%, from 75 million to 81 million patients, and the number of patients receiving a benzodiazepine increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients. During this time, the proportion of patients receiving concurrent therapy increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients.(5) From 2004 to 2011, the rate of nonmedical use-related emergency room visits involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 11 to 34.2 per 100,000 and drug overdose deaths involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 0.6 to 1.7 per 100,000. The proportion of prescription opioid analgesic deaths which also involved benzodiazepines increased from 18% to 31% during this time.(6) A prospective observational cohort study in North Carolina found that the rates of overdose death among patients co-dispensed opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines were 10 times higher than patients receiving opioid analgesics alone.(7) A case-cohort study of VA data from 2004-2009 found that the risk of death from overdose increased with concomitant opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines. Compared to patients with no history of benzodiazepines, patients with a history of benzodiazepine use (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.33) and patients with a current benzodiazepine prescription (HR=3.86) had an increased risk of fatal overdose.(8) A study found that opioid analgesics contributed to 77% of deaths in which benzodiazepines were determined to be a cause of death and that benzodiazepines contributed to 30% of deaths in which opioid analgesics were determined to be a cause of death. This study also found that other CNS depressants (including barbiturates, antipsychotic and neuroleptic drugs, antiepileptic and antiparkinsonian drugs, anesthetics, autonomic nervous system drugs, and muscle relaxants) were contributory to death in many cases where opioid analgesics were also implicated.(9) A study found that alcohol was involved in 18.5% of opioid analgesic abuse-related ED visits and 22.1 percent of opioid analgesic-related deaths.(10) |
HYCODAN, HYDROCODONE-CHLORPHENIRAMNE ER, HYDROCODONE-HOMATROPINE MBR, HYDROMET, PROMETHAZINE-CODEINE, TUXARIN ER |
There are 11 moderate interactions.
The clinician should assess the patient’s characteristics and take action as needed. Actions required for moderate interactions include, but are not limited to, discontinuing one or both agents, adjusting dosage, altering administration.
| Drug Interaction | Drug Names |
|---|---|
| Bupropion/Antipsychotics SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Both bupropion and the antipsychotics are known to lower the seizure threshold.(1,2) Bupropion is also a strong inhibitor of CYP2D6.(3) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of bupropion and an antipsychotic may result in additive effects on the seizure threshold, increasing the risk of seizures.(1,2) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: The risk of seizures may be increased in patients with a history of head trauma or prior seizure; CNS tumor; severe hepatic cirrhosis; excessive use of alcohol or sedatives; addiction to opiates, cocaine, or stimulants; use of over-the-counter stimulants an anorectics; a total daily dose of bupropion greater than 450 mg or single doses greater than 150 mg; rapid escalation of bupropion dosage; diabetics treated with oral hypoglycemics or insulin; or with concomitant medications known to lower seizure threshold (antidepressants, theophylline, systemic steroids).(1,2) The risk of anticholinergic toxicities including cognitive decline, delirium, falls and fractures is increased in geriatric patients using more than one medicine with anticholinergic properties.(3) PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The concurrent use of bupropion and antipsychotics should be undertaken only with extreme caution and with low initial bupropion dosing and small gradual dosage increases.(1,2) Single doses should not exceed 150 mg.(1,2) The maximum daily dose of bupropion should not exceed 300 mg for smoking cessation(2) or 450 mg for depression.(1) DISCUSSION: Because of the risk of seizure from concurrent bupropion and other agents that lower seizure threshold, the manufacturer of bupropion states that the concurrent use of bupropion and antipsychotics should be undertaken only with extreme caution and with low initial bupropion dosing and small gradual dosage increases.(1) |
APLENZIN, AUVELITY, BUPROPION HCL, BUPROPION HCL SR, BUPROPION XL, CONTRAVE, FORFIVO XL, WELLBUTRIN SR, WELLBUTRIN XL |
| Olanzapine/Fluvoxamine SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Fluvoxamine may inhibit the metabolism of olanzapine by CYP1A2.(1-5) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of fluvoxamine may result in elevated levels of and toxicity from olanzapine. PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving concurrent therapy should be monitored for olanzapine side effects. The dose of olanzapine may need to be adjusted if fluvoxamine is initiated or discontinued. DISCUSSION: In a study in 10 male smokers with schizophrenia, pretreatment with fluvoxamine (100 mg daily for 10 days) increased olanzapine area-under-curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), and half-life by 30-50%, 12-64%, and by 25-32%, respectively. Olanzapine volume of distribution and clearance were decreased by 4-26% and 26-38%, respectively.(1) In a study in 8 schizophrenic patients, the addition of fluvoxamine (100 mg daily) to olanzapine (10-20 mg daily) increased olanzapine levels from 12-112%. N-desmethylolanzapine levels were not significantly affected.(2) In a retrospective review, 10 patients receiving concurrent fluvoxamine and olanzapine were compared to 134 patients receiving olanzapine alone. The ratio of olanzapine concentration/daily dose was 2.3-fold higher in patients receiving concurrent fluvoxamine.(3) Fluvoxamine has been shown to increase olanzapine Cmax and AUC by 54% and by 52%, respectively, in female nonsmokers. Fluvoxamine has been shown to increase olanzapine Cmax and AUC by 77% and by 108%, respectively, in male smokers.(4,5) |
FLUVOXAMINE MALEATE, FLUVOXAMINE MALEATE ER |
| Olanzapine/Ciprofloxacin SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Ciprofloxacin may inhibit the CYP1A2 mediated metabolism of olanzapine.(1-6) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of ciprofloxacin may result in elevated levels of and toxicity from olanzapine. PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Cytokines or other immune modulators secreted in response to infection or inflammation may also inhibit CYP1A2, resulting in additive suppression of CYP1A2 activity.(3-5) PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving concurrent therapy should be monitored for olanzapine side effects. The dose of olanzapine may need to be adjusted if ciprofloxacin is initiated or discontinued. DISCUSSION: In a study with fluvoxamine, another CYP1A2 inhibitor, 10 male smokers with schizophrenia, pretreatment with fluvoxamine (100 mg daily for 10 days) increased olanzapine area-under-curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), and half-life by 30-50%, 12-64%, and by 25-32%, respectively. Olanzapine volume of distribution and clearance were decreased by 4-26% and 26-38%, respectively.(6) In a study in 10 male smokers with schizophrenia, pretreatment with fluvoxamine (100 mg daily for 10 days) increased olanzapine area-under-curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), and half-life by 30-50%, 12-64%, and by 25-32%, respectively. Olanzapine volume of distribution and clearance were decreased by 4-26% and 26-38%, respectively.(1) In a study in 8 schizophrenic patients, the addition of fluvoxamine (100 mg daily) to olanzapine (10-20 mg daily) increased olanzapine levels from 12-112%. N-desmethylolanzapine levels were not significantly affected.(7) In a retrospective review, 10 patients receiving concurrent fluvoxamine and olanzapine were compared to 134 patients receiving olanzapine alone. The ratio of olanzapine concentration/daily dose was 2.3-fold higher in patients receiving concurrent fluvoxamine.(8) Fluvoxamine has been shown to increase olanzapine Cmax and AUC by 54% and by 52%, respectively, in female nonsmokers. Fluvoxamine has been shown to increase olanzapine Cmax and AUC by 77% and by 108%, respectively, in male smokers.(9,10) |
CIPRO, CIPROFLOXACIN, CIPROFLOXACIN HCL, CIPROFLOXACIN-D5W |
| Opioids (Extended Release)/Antipsychotics; Phenothiazines SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concurrent use of opioids and antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in additive CNS depression.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of opioids and other CNS depressants, such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of adverse effects. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Limit prescribing opioid analgesics with CNS depressants such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, to patients for whom alternatives are inadequate.(1) If concurrent use is necessary, limit the dosages and duration of each drug to the minimum possible while achieving the desired clinical effect. If starting a CNS depressant (for an indication other than epilepsy) with an opioid analgesic, prescribe a lower initial dose of the CNS depressant than indicated in the absence of an opioid and titrate based upon clinical response. If an opioid analgesic is indicated in a patient already taking a CNS depressant, prescribe a lower dose of the opioid and titrate based upon clinical response.(1) Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially during therapy initiation and following dosage increases. Consider this risk when using concurrently with other agents that may cause CNS depression.(2) Monitor patients receiving concurrent therapy for unusual dizziness or lightheadedness, extreme sleepiness, slowed or difficult breathing, or unresponsiveness.(1) Discuss naloxone with all patients when prescribing or renewing an opioid analgesic or medicine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Consider prescribing naloxone to patients prescribed medicines to treat OUD or opioid analgesics (such as those taking CNS depressants) who are at increased risk of opioid overdose and when a patient has household members/close contacts at risk for accidental overdose.(3) DISCUSSION: A nested case-control study looked at the relationship between antipsychotic use and risk of acute respiratory failure. Current use of antipsychotics was associated with a 2.33-fold increase in risk of respiratory failure compared to no use of antipsychotics. The risk was also significantly increased in patients with recent use of antipsychotics (within the past 15-30 days, OR = 1.79) and recent past use (within 31-90 days OR = 1.41). The risk increased with higher doses and longer duration of use.(4) Between 2002 and 2014, the number of patients receiving an opioid analgesic increased 8%, from 75 million to 81 million patients, and the number of patients receiving a benzodiazepine increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients. During this time, the proportion of patients receiving concurrent therapy increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients.(5) From 2004 to 2011, the rate of nonmedical use-related emergency room visits involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 11 to 34.2 per 100,000 and drug overdose deaths involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 0.6 to 1.7 per 100,000. The proportion of prescription opioid analgesic deaths which also involved benzodiazepines increased from 18% to 31% during this time.(6) A prospective observational cohort study in North Carolina found that the rates of overdose death among patients co-dispensed opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines were 10 times higher than patients receiving opioid analgesics alone.(7) A case-cohort study of VA data from 2004-2009 found that the risk of death from overdose increased with concomitant opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines. Compared to patients with no history of benzodiazepines, patients with a history of benzodiazepine use (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.33) and patients with a current benzodiazepine prescription (HR=3.86) had an increased risk of fatal overdose.(8) A study found that opioid analgesics contributed to 77% of deaths in which benzodiazepines were determined to be a cause of death and that benzodiazepines contributed to 30% of deaths in which opioid analgesics were determined to be a cause of death. This study also found that other CNS depressants (including barbiturates, antipsychotic and neuroleptic drugs, antiepileptic and antiparkinsonian drugs, anesthetics, autonomic nervous system drugs, and muscle relaxants) were contributory to death in many cases where opioid analgesics were also implicated.(9) A study found that alcohol was involved in 18.5% of opioid analgesic abuse-related ED visits and 22.1 percent of opioid analgesic-related deaths.(10) |
BUPRENORPHINE, BUTRANS, CONZIP, FENTANYL, HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE ER, HYDROMORPHONE ER, HYSINGLA ER, MORPHINE SULFATE ER, MS CONTIN, NUCYNTA ER, OXYCODONE HCL ER, OXYCONTIN, OXYMORPHONE HCL ER, TRAMADOL HCL ER, XTAMPZA ER |
| Slt Opioids (Immediate Release)/Antipsychotics;Phenothiazine SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concurrent use of opioids and antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in additive CNS depression.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of opioids and other CNS depressants, such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of adverse effects. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Limit prescribing opioid analgesics with CNS depressants such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, to patients for whom alternatives are inadequate.(1) If concurrent use is necessary, limit the dosages and duration of each drug to the minimum possible while achieving the desired clinical effect. If starting a CNS depressant (for an indication other than epilepsy) with an opioid analgesic, prescribe a lower initial dose of the CNS depressant than indicated in the absence of an opioid and titrate based upon clinical response. If an opioid analgesic is indicated in a patient already taking a CNS depressant, prescribe a lower dose of the opioid and titrate based upon clinical response.(1) Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially during therapy initiation and following dosage increases. Consider this risk when using concurrently with other agents that may cause CNS depression.(2) Monitor patients receiving concurrent therapy for unusual dizziness or lightheadedness, extreme sleepiness, slowed or difficult breathing, or unresponsiveness.(1) Discuss naloxone with all patients when prescribing or renewing an opioid analgesic or medicine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Consider prescribing naloxone to patients prescribed medicines to treat OUD or opioid analgesics (such as those taking CNS depressants) who are at increased risk of opioid overdose and when a patient has household members/close contacts at risk for accidental overdose.(3) DISCUSSION: A nested case-control study looked at the relationship between antipsychotic use and risk of acute respiratory failure. Current use of antipsychotics was associated with a 2.33-fold increase in risk of respiratory failure compared to no use of antipsychotics. The risk was also significantly increased in patients with recent use of antipsychotics (within the past 15-30 days, OR = 1.79) and recent past use (within 31-90 days OR = 1.41). The risk increased with higher doses and longer duration of use.(4) Between 2002 and 2014, the number of patients receiving an opioid analgesic increased 8%, from 75 million to 81 million patients, and the number of patients receiving a benzodiazepine increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients. During this time, the proportion of patients receiving concurrent therapy increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients.(5) From 2004 to 2011, the rate of nonmedical use-related emergency room visits involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 11 to 34.2 per 100,000 and drug overdose deaths involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 0.6 to 1.7 per 100,000. The proportion of prescription opioid analgesic deaths which also involved benzodiazepines increased from 18% to 31% during this time.(6) A prospective observational cohort study in North Carolina found that the rates of overdose death among patients co-dispensed opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines were 10 times higher than patients receiving opioid analgesics alone.(7) A case-cohort study of VA data from 2004-2009 found that the risk of death from overdose increased with concomitant opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines. Compared to patients with no history of benzodiazepines, patients with a history of benzodiazepine use (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.33) and patients with a current benzodiazepine prescription (HR=3.86) had an increased risk of fatal overdose.(8) A study found that opioid analgesics contributed to 77% of deaths in which benzodiazepines were determined to be a cause of death and that benzodiazepines contributed to 30% of deaths in which opioid analgesics were determined to be a cause of death. This study also found that other CNS depressants (including barbiturates, antipsychotic and neuroleptic drugs, antiepileptic and antiparkinsonian drugs, anesthetics, autonomic nervous system drugs, and muscle relaxants) were contributory to death in many cases where opioid analgesics were also implicated.(9) A study found that alcohol was involved in 18.5% of opioid analgesic abuse-related ED visits and 22.1 percent of opioid analgesic-related deaths.(10) |
APADAZ, BELBUCA, BELLADONNA-OPIUM, BENZHYDROCODONE-ACETAMINOPHEN, BUPRENORPHINE HCL, BUTORPHANOL TARTRATE, DILAUDID, DSUVIA, DURAMORPH, ENDOCET, FENTANYL CITRATE, FENTANYL CITRATE-0.9% NACL, FENTANYL CITRATE-D5W, FENTANYL CITRATE-STERILE WATER, FENTANYL CITRATE-WATER, FENTANYL-BUPIVACAINE-0.9% NACL, FENTANYL-BUPIVACAINE-NACL, FENTANYL-ROPIVACAINE-0.9% NACL, FENTANYL-ROPIVACAINE-NACL, HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE, HYDROCODONE-ACETAMINOPHEN, HYDROCODONE-IBUPROFEN, HYDROMORPHONE HCL, HYDROMORPHONE HCL-0.9% NACL, HYDROMORPHONE HCL-D5W, HYDROMORPHONE HCL-NACL, HYDROMORPHONE HCL-WATER, INFUMORPH, MITIGO, MORPHINE SULFATE, MORPHINE SULFATE-0.9% NACL, MORPHINE SULFATE-NACL, NALBUPHINE HCL, NALOCET, NUCYNTA, OLINVYK, OPIUM TINCTURE, OXYCODONE HCL, OXYCODONE HYDROCHLORIDE, OXYCODONE-ACETAMINOPHEN, OXYMORPHONE HCL, PENTAZOCINE-NALOXONE HCL, PERCOCET, PRIMLEV, PROLATE, REMIFENTANIL HCL, ROXICODONE, ROXYBOND, SUFENTANIL CITRATE, ULTIVA |
| Olanzapine/Selected CYP1A2 Inducers SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Inducers of CYP1A2 may increase the metabolism of olanzapine.(1,2) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of a CYP1A2 inducer may result in decreased levels and effectiveness of olanzapine.(1,2) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Induction effects may be more likely with regular use of the inducer for longer than 1-2 weeks. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving concurrent therapy with olanzapine and a CYP1A2 inducer may require increased dosages of olanzapine. The dosage of olanzapine may need to be adjusted if concurrent therapy with a CYP1A2 inducer is initiated or discontinued.(1,2) If a CYP1A2 inducer is initiated in a patient maintained on olanzapine, monitor for decreased effectiveness of olanzapine. If a CYP1A2 inducer is discontinued in a patient maintained on olanzapine, monitor for olanzapine toxicity. DISCUSSION: Concurrent use of carbamazepine, a CYP1A2 inducer, increased olanzapine clearance by 50%.(1,2) |
ARAVA, AUBAGIO, CARBAMAZEPINE, CARBAMAZEPINE ER, CARBATROL, CEREBYX, DILANTIN, DILANTIN-125, EPITOL, EQUETRO, FOSPHENYTOIN SODIUM, KALETRA, LEFLUNICLO, LEFLUNOMIDE, LOPINAVIR-RITONAVIR, NORVIR, PAXLOVID, PHENYTEK, PHENYTOIN, PHENYTOIN SODIUM, PHENYTOIN SODIUM EXTENDED, RIFADIN, RIFAMPIN, RITONAVIR, TEGRETOL, TEGRETOL XR, TERIFLUNOMIDE, VIRACEPT |
| Selected Opioids for MAT/Antipsychotics SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concurrent use of opioids and antipsychotics may result in additive CNS depression.(1-3) Levomethadone is an enantiomer of methadone.(4) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of opioids and other CNS depressants, such as antipsychotics, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death.(1-3) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of adverse effects. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Medication assisted treatment (MAT) with buprenorphine, diacetylmorphine, or methadone is not contraindicated in patients taking CNS depressants; however, gradual tapering or decreasing to the lowest effective dose of the CNS depressant may be appropriate. Ensure that other health care providers prescribing other CNS depressants are aware of the patient's buprenorphine, diacetylmorphine, or methadone treatment.(2) Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially during therapy initiation and following dosage increases. Consider this risk when using concurrently with other agents that may cause CNS depression.(5) Monitor patients receiving concurrent therapy for unusual dizziness or lightheadedness, extreme sleepiness, slowed or difficult breathing, or unresponsiveness.(1) Discuss naloxone with all patients when prescribing or renewing an opioid analgesic or medicine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Consider prescribing naloxone to patients prescribed medicines to treat OUD or opioid analgesics (such as those taking CNS depressants) who are at increased risk of opioid overdose and when a patient has household members/close contacts at risk for accidental overdose.(6) DISCUSSION: A nested case-control study looked at the relationship between antipsychotic use and risk of acute respiratory failure. Current use of antipsychotics was associated with a 2.33-fold increase in risk of respiratory failure compared to no use of antipsychotics. The risk was also significantly increased in patients with recent use of antipsychotics (within the past 15-30 days, OR = 1.79) and recent past use (within 31-90 days OR = 1.41). The risk increased with higher doses and longer duration of use.(7) Between 2002 and 2014, the number of patients receiving an opioid analgesic increased 8%, from 75 million to 81 million patients, and the number of patients receiving a benzodiazepine increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients. During this time, the proportion of patients receiving concurrent therapy increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients.(8) From 2004 to 2011, the rate of nonmedical use-related emergency room visits involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 11 to 34.2 per 100,000 and drug overdose deaths involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 0.6 to 1.7 per 100,000. The proportion of prescription opioid analgesic deaths which also involved benzodiazepines increased from 18% to 31% during this time.(9) A prospective observational cohort study in North Carolina found that the rates of overdose death among patients co-dispensed opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines were 10 times higher than patients receiving opioid analgesics alone.(10) A case-cohort study of VA data from 2004-2009 found that the risk of death from overdose increased with concomitant opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines. Compared to patients with no history of benzodiazepines, patients with a history of benzodiazepine use (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.33) and patients with a current benzodiazepine prescription (HR=3.86) had an increased risk of fatal overdose.(11) A study found that opioid analgesics contributed to 77% of deaths in which benzodiazepines were determined to be a cause of death and that benzodiazepines contributed to 30% of deaths in which opioid analgesics were determined to be a cause of death. This study also found that other CNS depressants (including barbiturates, antipsychotic and neuroleptic drugs, antiepileptic and antiparkinsonian drugs, anesthetics, autonomic nervous system drugs, and muscle relaxants) were contributory to death in many cases where opioid analgesics were also implicated.(12) A study found that alcohol was involved in 18.5% of opioid analgesic abuse-related ED visits and 22.1 percent of opioid analgesic-related deaths.(13) |
BRIXADI, BUPRENORPHINE HCL, BUPRENORPHINE-NALOXONE, DISKETS, METHADONE HCL, METHADONE INTENSOL, METHADOSE, SUBLOCADE, SUBOXONE, ZUBSOLV |
| Meperidine (IR)/Selected Antipsychotics; Phenothiazines SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concurrent use of opioids such as meperidine and antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in additive CNS depression.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of opioids such as meperidine and other CNS depressants, such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of adverse effects. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Limit prescribing opioid analgesics such as meperidine with CNS depressants such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, to patients for whom alternatives are inadequate.(1) If concurrent use is necessary, limit the dosages and duration of each drug to the minimum possible while achieving the desired clinical effect. If starting a CNS depressant (for an indication other than epilepsy) with an opioid analgesic, prescribe a lower initial dose of the CNS depressant than indicated in the absence of an opioid and titrate based upon clinical response. If an opioid analgesic is indicated in a patient already taking a CNS depressant, prescribe a lower dose of the opioid and titrate based upon clinical response.(1) Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially during therapy initiation and following dosage increases. Consider this risk when using concurrently with other agents that may cause CNS depression.(2) Monitor patients receiving concurrent therapy for unusual dizziness or lightheadedness, extreme sleepiness, slowed or difficult breathing, or unresponsiveness.(1) Discuss naloxone with all patients when prescribing or renewing an opioid analgesic or medicine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Consider prescribing naloxone to patients prescribed medicines to treat OUD or opioid analgesics (such as those taking CNS depressants) who are at increased risk of opioid overdose and when a patient has household members/close contacts at risk for accidental overdose.(3) DISCUSSION: A nested case-control study looked at the relationship between antipsychotic use and risk of acute respiratory failure. Current use of antipsychotics was associated with a 2.33-fold increase in risk of respiratory failure compared to no use of antipsychotics. The risk was also significantly increased in patients with recent use of antipsychotics (within the past 15-30 days, OR = 1.79) and recent past use (within 31-90 days OR = 1.41). The risk increased with higher doses and longer duration of use.(4) Between 2002 and 2014, the number of patients receiving an opioid analgesic increased 8%, from 75 million to 81 million patients, and the number of patients receiving a benzodiazepine increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients. During this time, the proportion of patients receiving concurrent therapy increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients.(5) From 2004 to 2011, the rate of nonmedical use-related emergency room visits involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 11 to 34.2 per 100,000 and drug overdose deaths involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 0.6 to 1.7 per 100,000. The proportion of prescription opioid analgesic deaths which also involved benzodiazepines increased from 18% to 31% during this time.(6) A prospective observational cohort study in North Carolina found that the rates of overdose death among patients co-dispensed opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines were 10 times higher than patients receiving opioid analgesics alone.(7) A case-cohort study of VA data from 2004-2009 found that the risk of death from overdose increased with concomitant opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines. Compared to patients with no history of benzodiazepines, patients with a history of benzodiazepine use (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.33) and patients with a current benzodiazepine prescription (HR=3.86) had an increased risk of fatal overdose.(8) A study found that opioid analgesics contributed to 77% of deaths in which benzodiazepines were determined to be a cause of death and that benzodiazepines contributed to 30% of deaths in which opioid analgesics were determined to be a cause of death. This study also found that other CNS depressants (including barbiturates, antipsychotic and neuroleptic drugs, antiepileptic and antiparkinsonian drugs, anesthetics, autonomic nervous system drugs, and muscle relaxants) were contributory to death in many cases where opioid analgesics were also implicated.(9) A study found that alcohol was involved in 18.5% of opioid analgesic abuse-related ED visits and 22.1 percent of opioid analgesic-related deaths.(10) |
DEMEROL, MEPERIDINE HCL, MEPERIDINE HCL-0.9% NACL |
| Codeine; Levorphanol (IR)/Slt Antipsychotics; Phenothiazines SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concurrent use of opioids such as codeine and levorphanol and antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in additive CNS depression.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of opioids such as codeine and levorphanol and other CNS depressants, such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of adverse effects. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Limit prescribing opioid analgesics such as codeine and levorphanol with CNS depressants such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, to patients for whom alternatives are inadequate.(1) If concurrent use is necessary, limit the dosages and duration of each drug to the minimum possible while achieving the desired clinical effect. If starting a CNS depressant (for an indication other than epilepsy) with an opioid analgesic, prescribe a lower initial dose of the CNS depressant than indicated in the absence of an opioid and titrate based upon clinical response. If an opioid analgesic is indicated in a patient already taking a CNS depressant, prescribe a lower dose of the opioid and titrate based upon clinical response.(1) Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially during therapy initiation and following dosage increases. Consider this risk when using concurrently with other agents that may cause CNS depression.(2) Monitor patients receiving concurrent therapy for unusual dizziness or lightheadedness, extreme sleepiness, slowed or difficult breathing, or unresponsiveness.(1) Discuss naloxone with all patients when prescribing or renewing an opioid analgesic or medicine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Consider prescribing naloxone to patients prescribed medicines to treat OUD or opioid analgesics (such as those taking CNS depressants) who are at increased risk of opioid overdose and when a patient has household members/close contacts at risk for accidental overdose.(3) DISCUSSION: A nested case-control study looked at the relationship between antipsychotic use and risk of acute respiratory failure. Current use of antipsychotics was associated with a 2.33-fold increase in risk of respiratory failure compared to no use of antipsychotics. The risk was also significantly increased in patients with recent use of antipsychotics (within the past 15-30 days, OR = 1.79) and recent past use (within 31-90 days OR = 1.41). The risk increased with higher doses and longer duration of use.(4) Between 2002 and 2014, the number of patients receiving an opioid analgesic increased 8%, from 75 million to 81 million patients, and the number of patients receiving a benzodiazepine increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients. During this time, the proportion of patients receiving concurrent therapy increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients.(5) From 2004 to 2011, the rate of nonmedical use-related emergency room visits involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 11 to 34.2 per 100,000 and drug overdose deaths involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 0.6 to 1.7 per 100,000. The proportion of prescription opioid analgesic deaths which also involved benzodiazepines increased from 18% to 31% during this time.(6) A prospective observational cohort study in North Carolina found that the rates of overdose death among patients co-dispensed opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines were 10 times higher than patients receiving opioid analgesics alone.(7) A case-cohort study of VA data from 2004-2009 found that the risk of death from overdose increased with concomitant opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines. Compared to patients with no history of benzodiazepines, patients with a history of benzodiazepine use (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.33) and patients with a current benzodiazepine prescription (HR=3.86) had an increased risk of fatal overdose.(8) A study found that opioid analgesics contributed to 77% of deaths in which benzodiazepines were determined to be a cause of death and that benzodiazepines contributed to 30% of deaths in which opioid analgesics were determined to be a cause of death. This study also found that other CNS depressants (including barbiturates, antipsychotic and neuroleptic drugs, antiepileptic and antiparkinsonian drugs, anesthetics, autonomic nervous system drugs, and muscle relaxants) were contributory to death in many cases where opioid analgesics were also implicated.(9) A study found that alcohol was involved in 18.5% of opioid analgesic abuse-related ED visits and 22.1 percent of opioid analgesic-related deaths.(10) |
ACETAMIN-CAFF-DIHYDROCODEINE, ACETAMINOPHEN-CODEINE, ASA-BUTALB-CAFFEINE-CODEINE, ASCOMP WITH CODEINE, BUTALB-ACETAMINOPH-CAFF-CODEIN, CARISOPRODOL-ASPIRIN-CODEINE, CODEINE PHOSPHATE, CODEINE SULFATE, DIHYDROCODEINE BITARTRATE, FIORICET WITH CODEINE, HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE, LEVORPHANOL TARTRATE, TREZIX |
| Methadone (non MAT)/Selected Antipsychotics; Phenothiazines SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concurrent use of opioids such as methadone and antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in additive CNS depression.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of opioids such as methadone and other CNS depressants, such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of adverse effects. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Limit prescribing opioid analgesics such as methadone with CNS depressants such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, to patients for whom alternatives are inadequate.(1) If concurrent use is necessary, limit the dosages and duration of each drug to the minimum possible while achieving the desired clinical effect. If starting a CNS depressant (for an indication other than epilepsy) with an opioid analgesic, prescribe a lower initial dose of the CNS depressant than indicated in the absence of an opioid and titrate based upon clinical response. If an opioid analgesic is indicated in a patient already taking a CNS depressant, prescribe a lower dose of the opioid and titrate based upon clinical response.(1) Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially during therapy initiation and following dosage increases. Consider this risk when using concurrently with other agents that may cause CNS depression.(2) Monitor patients receiving concurrent therapy for unusual dizziness or lightheadedness, extreme sleepiness, slowed or difficult breathing, or unresponsiveness.(1) Discuss naloxone with all patients when prescribing or renewing an opioid analgesic or medicine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Consider prescribing naloxone to patients prescribed medicines to treat OUD or opioid analgesics (such as those taking CNS depressants) who are at increased risk of opioid overdose and when a patient has household members/close contacts at risk for accidental overdose.(3) DISCUSSION: A nested case-control study looked at the relationship between antipsychotic use and risk of acute respiratory failure. Current use of antipsychotics was associated with a 2.33-fold increase in risk of respiratory failure compared to no use of antipsychotics. The risk was also significantly increased in patients with recent use of antipsychotics (within the past 15-30 days, OR = 1.79) and recent past use (within 31-90 days OR = 1.41). The risk increased with higher doses and longer duration of use.(4) Between 2002 and 2014, the number of patients receiving an opioid analgesic increased 8%, from 75 million to 81 million patients, and the number of patients receiving a benzodiazepine increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients. During this time, the proportion of patients receiving concurrent therapy increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients.(5) From 2004 to 2011, the rate of nonmedical use-related emergency room visits involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 11 to 34.2 per 100,000 and drug overdose deaths involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 0.6 to 1.7 per 100,000. The proportion of prescription opioid analgesic deaths which also involved benzodiazepines increased from 18% to 31% during this time.(6) A prospective observational cohort study in North Carolina found that the rates of overdose death among patients co-dispensed opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines were 10 times higher than patients receiving opioid analgesics alone.(7) A case-cohort study of VA data from 2004-2009 found that the risk of death from overdose increased with concomitant opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines. Compared to patients with no history of benzodiazepines, patients with a history of benzodiazepine use (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.33) and patients with a current benzodiazepine prescription (HR=3.86) had an increased risk of fatal overdose.(8) A study found that opioid analgesics contributed to 77% of deaths in which benzodiazepines were determined to be a cause of death and that benzodiazepines contributed to 30% of deaths in which opioid analgesics were determined to be a cause of death. This study also found that other CNS depressants (including barbiturates, antipsychotic and neuroleptic drugs, antiepileptic and antiparkinsonian drugs, anesthetics, autonomic nervous system drugs, and muscle relaxants) were contributory to death in many cases where opioid analgesics were also implicated.(9) A study found that alcohol was involved in 18.5% of opioid analgesic abuse-related ED visits and 22.1 percent of opioid analgesic-related deaths.(10) |
METHADONE HCL, METHADONE HCL-0.9% NACL, METHADONE HCL-NACL |
| Tramadol (IR)/Selected Antipsychotics; Phenothiazines SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concurrent use of opioids such as tramadol and antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in additive CNS depression.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of opioids such as tramadol and other CNS depressants, such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and/or death.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants may increase the risk of adverse effects. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Limit prescribing opioid analgesics such as tramadol with CNS depressants such as antipsychotics, including phenothiazine derivatives, to patients for whom alternatives are inadequate.(1) If concurrent use is necessary, limit the dosages and duration of each drug to the minimum possible while achieving the desired clinical effect. If starting a CNS depressant (for an indication other than epilepsy) with an opioid analgesic, prescribe a lower initial dose of the CNS depressant than indicated in the absence of an opioid and titrate based upon clinical response. If an opioid analgesic is indicated in a patient already taking a CNS depressant, prescribe a lower dose of the opioid and titrate based upon clinical response.(1) Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially during therapy initiation and following dosage increases. Consider this risk when using concurrently with other agents that may cause CNS depression.(2) Monitor patients receiving concurrent therapy for unusual dizziness or lightheadedness, extreme sleepiness, slowed or difficult breathing, or unresponsiveness.(1) Discuss naloxone with all patients when prescribing or renewing an opioid analgesic or medicine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Consider prescribing naloxone to patients prescribed medicines to treat OUD or opioid analgesics (such as those taking CNS depressants) who are at increased risk of opioid overdose and when a patient has household members/close contacts at risk for accidental overdose.(3) DISCUSSION: A nested case-control study looked at the relationship between antipsychotic use and risk of acute respiratory failure. Current use of antipsychotics was associated with a 2.33-fold increase in risk of respiratory failure compared to no use of antipsychotics. The risk was also significantly increased in patients with recent use of antipsychotics (within the past 15-30 days, OR = 1.79) and recent past use (within 31-90 days OR = 1.41). The risk increased with higher doses and longer duration of use.(4) Between 2002 and 2014, the number of patients receiving an opioid analgesic increased 8%, from 75 million to 81 million patients, and the number of patients receiving a benzodiazepine increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients. During this time, the proportion of patients receiving concurrent therapy increased 31%, from 23 million to 30 million patients.(5) From 2004 to 2011, the rate of nonmedical use-related emergency room visits involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 11 to 34.2 per 100,000 and drug overdose deaths involving both opioids and benzodiazepines increased from 0.6 to 1.7 per 100,000. The proportion of prescription opioid analgesic deaths which also involved benzodiazepines increased from 18% to 31% during this time.(6) A prospective observational cohort study in North Carolina found that the rates of overdose death among patients co-dispensed opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines were 10 times higher than patients receiving opioid analgesics alone.(7) A case-cohort study of VA data from 2004-2009 found that the risk of death from overdose increased with concomitant opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines. Compared to patients with no history of benzodiazepines, patients with a history of benzodiazepine use (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.33) and patients with a current benzodiazepine prescription (HR=3.86) had an increased risk of fatal overdose.(8) A study found that opioid analgesics contributed to 77% of deaths in which benzodiazepines were determined to be a cause of death and that benzodiazepines contributed to 30% of deaths in which opioid analgesics were determined to be a cause of death. This study also found that other CNS depressants (including barbiturates, antipsychotic and neuroleptic drugs, antiepileptic and antiparkinsonian drugs, anesthetics, autonomic nervous system drugs, and muscle relaxants) were contributory to death in many cases where opioid analgesics were also implicated.(9) A study found that alcohol was involved in 18.5% of opioid analgesic abuse-related ED visits and 22.1 percent of opioid analgesic-related deaths.(10) |
QDOLO, TRAMADOL HCL, TRAMADOL HCL-ACETAMINOPHEN |
The following contraindication information is available for OLANZAPINE (olanzapine):
Drug contraindication overview.
The manufacturer states that there are no contraindications associated with oral or short-acting IM olanzapine monotherapy. When olanzapine is used in combination with fluoxetine, the usual contraindications associated with fluoxetine must be considered. When olanzapine is used as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate, the manufacturer advises clinicians to refer to prescribing information for those other drugs. The manufacturer states that there are no contraindications associated with use of the long-acting IM formulation of olanzapine pamoate.
The manufacturer states that there are no contraindications associated with oral or short-acting IM olanzapine monotherapy. When olanzapine is used in combination with fluoxetine, the usual contraindications associated with fluoxetine must be considered. When olanzapine is used as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate, the manufacturer advises clinicians to refer to prescribing information for those other drugs. The manufacturer states that there are no contraindications associated with use of the long-acting IM formulation of olanzapine pamoate.
There are 2 contraindications.
Absolute contraindication.
| Contraindication List |
|---|
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
| Parkinsonism |
There are 24 severe contraindications.
Adequate patient monitoring is recommended for safer drug use.
| Severe List |
|---|
| Acute myocardial infarction |
| Angle-closure glaucoma |
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| Cardiac arrhythmia |
| Cerebrovascular disorder |
| Chronic heart failure |
| Dehydration |
| Diabetes mellitus |
| Esophageal dysmotility |
| Hypotension |
| Hypovolemia |
| Leukopenia |
| Lower seizure threshold |
| Myocardial ischemia |
| Neutropenic disorder |
| Orthostatic hypotension |
| Paralytic ileus |
| Predisposition to aspiration |
| Restless leg syndrome |
| Seizure disorder |
| Senile dementia |
| Suicidal ideation |
| Tardive dyskinesia |
| Transient cerebral ischemia |
There are 10 moderate contraindications.
Clinically significant contraindication, where the condition can be managed or treated before the drug may be given safely.
| Moderate List |
|---|
| Bradycardia |
| Disease of liver |
| Hypercholesterolemia |
| Hyperlipidemia |
| Hyperprolactinemia |
| Hypertriglyceridemia |
| Obesity |
| Sinus tachycardia |
| Tobacco smoker |
| Weight gain |
The following adverse reaction information is available for OLANZAPINE (olanzapine):
Adverse reaction overview.
No enhanced Common Adverse Effects information available for this drug.
No enhanced Common Adverse Effects information available for this drug.
There are 55 severe adverse reactions.
| More Frequent | Less Frequent |
|---|---|
|
Akathisia Parkinsonism Personality disorders |
Altered mental status Chest pain Euphoria Extrapyramidal disease Fever Memory impairment Peripheral edema Tardive dyskinesia |
| Rare/Very Rare |
|---|
|
Accidental fall Accommodation disorder Acquired dystonia Agranulocytosis Anaphylaxis Angioedema Cerebrovascular accident Cholestatic hepatitis Diabetes mellitus Diabetic ketoacidosis DRESS syndrome Dysphagia Dyspnea Eosinophilia Esophageal dysmotility Exfoliative dermatitis Facial edema Heat stroke Hepatic failure Hepatitis Hyperbilirubinemia Hyperglycemia Hyperlipidemia Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state Ileus Jaundice Leukopenia Lymphadenopathy Menstrual disorder Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Neutropenic disorder Oculogyric crisis Osteoporosis Pancreatitis Priapism Rhabdomyolysis Seizure disorder Skin rash Sleep apnea Steatosis of liver Thrombocytopenic disorder Thromboembolic disorder Urinary retention Visual changes |
There are 63 less severe adverse reactions.
| More Frequent | Less Frequent |
|---|---|
|
Back pain Constipation Disturbance of attention Dizziness Drowsy Fatigue General weakness Headache disorder Hyperprolactinemia Hypertriglyceridemia Increased appetite Orthostatic hypotension Rhinitis Sedation Toxic amblyopia Tremor Weight gain Xerostomia |
Abdominal pain with cramps Abnormal hepatic function tests Arthralgia Chills Cough Dysarthria Dyspepsia Ecchymosis Edema Erectile dysfunction Gait abnormality Hypersomnia Hypertension Hypertonia Hypotension Insomnia Muscle rigidity Nausea Nervousness Pain in extremities Paresthesia Pharyngitis Polydipsia Sialorrhea Tachycardia Urinary incontinence Urinary tract infection Vomiting |
| Rare/Very Rare |
|---|
|
Acute cognitive impairment Alopecia Anticholinergic toxicity Epistaxis Fecal incontinence Galactorrhea not associated with childbirth Gynecomastia Increased urinary frequency Libido changes Mastalgia Pruritus of skin Restless leg syndrome Skin photosensitivity Sleep walking disorder Stuttering Urticaria Vasodilation of blood vessels |
The following precautions are available for OLANZAPINE (olanzapine):
No enhanced Pediatric Use information available for this drug.
Contraindicated
Severe Precaution
Management or Monitoring Precaution
Contraindicated
| None |
Severe Precaution
| None |
Management or Monitoring Precaution
| None |
Limited experience to date with olanzapine administration during pregnancy has been encouraging and has not revealed evidence of any obvious teratogenic risks; however, additional cases of olanzapine exposure during pregnancy need to be evaluated to more fully determine the relative safety of olanzapine and other antipsychotic agents when administered during pregnancy. The manufacturer states that there have been 7 pregnancies reported during clinical trials with olanzapine, including 2 resulting in normal births, one resulting in neonatal death due to a cardiovascular defect, 3 therapeutic abortions, and one spontaneous abortion. In a separate compilation of pregnancy exposures to olanzapine reported to the manufacturer during clinical trials and from spontaneous reports worldwide, outcomes were available from 23 prospectively collected, olanzapine-exposed pregnancies.
Spontaneous abortion occurred in 13% of these pregnancies, stillbirth in 5%, major malformations in 0%, and prematurity in 5%; these rates were all within the range of normal historical control rates. In 11 retrospectively collected, olanzapine-exposed pregnancies, there was one case of dysplastic kidney, one case of Down's syndrome, and one case of heart murmur and sudden infant death syndrome at 2 months of age. In another study, the majority of women with schizophrenia receiving atypical antipsychotic agents were found to be overweight and to have reduced folate intake and low serum folate concentrations, which may increase the potential risk of neural tube defects.
In a prospective, comparative trial assessing pregnancy outcome in women receiving atypical antipsychotic agents (olanzapine, clozapine, risperidone, and quetiapine) during pregnancy, atypical antipsychotics did not appear to be associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations. In addition, several case reports have described healthy infants born to women without complications despite prenatal exposure to olanzapine. Neonates exposed to antipsychotic agents, including olanzapine, during the third trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery.
There have been reports of agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tardive dyskinetic-like symptoms, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress, and feeding disorder in these neonates. The majority of cases were also confounded by other factors, including concomitant use of other drugs known to be associated with withdrawal symptoms, prematurity, congenital malformations, and obstetrical and perinatal complications; however, some cases suggested that neonatal extrapyramidal and withdrawal symptoms may occur with exposure to antipsychotic agents alone. Some of the cases described time of symptom onset, which ranged from birth to one month after birth.
Any neonate exhibiting extrapyramidal or withdrawal symptoms following in utero exposure to antipsychotic agents should be monitored. Symptoms were self-limiting in some neonates but varied in severity; some infants required intensive care unit support and prolonged hospitalization. For further information on extrapyramidal and withdrawal symptoms in neonates, see Cautions: Pregnancy, Fertility, and Lactation, in the Phenothiazines General Statement 28:16.08.24.
The manufacturer and some clinicians state that there are no adequate and well-controlled studies to date using olanzapine in pregnant women, and the drug should be used during pregnancy only when the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus. Women should be advised to notify their clinician if they become pregnant or plan to become pregnant during therapy with the drug. In addition, clinicians should advise women of childbearing potential about the benefits and risks of using antipsychotic agents during pregnancy.
Patients should also be advised not to stop taking their antipsychotic agent if they become pregnant without first consulting with their clinician, since abruptly discontinuing the drugs can cause clinically important complications. Parturition in rats was not affected by olanzapine. The effect of olanzapine on labor and delivery is unknown.
In oral reproduction studies in rats receiving dosages of up to 18 mg/kg daily and in rabbits at dosages of up to 30 mg/kg daily (equivalent to 9 and 30 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dosage on a mg/m2 basis, respectively), no evidence of teratogenicity was observed. In an oral rat teratology study, early resorptions and increased numbers of nonviable fetuses were observed at a dosage of 18 mg/kg daily (9 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dosage on a mg/m2 basis), and gestation was prolonged at a dosage of 10 mg/kg daily (equivalent to 5 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dosage on a mg/m2 basis). In an oral rabbit teratology study, fetal toxicity, which was manifested as increased resorptions and decreased fetal weight, occurred at a maternally toxic dosage of 30 mg/kg daily (equivalent to 30 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dosage on a mg/m2 basis).
Spontaneous abortion occurred in 13% of these pregnancies, stillbirth in 5%, major malformations in 0%, and prematurity in 5%; these rates were all within the range of normal historical control rates. In 11 retrospectively collected, olanzapine-exposed pregnancies, there was one case of dysplastic kidney, one case of Down's syndrome, and one case of heart murmur and sudden infant death syndrome at 2 months of age. In another study, the majority of women with schizophrenia receiving atypical antipsychotic agents were found to be overweight and to have reduced folate intake and low serum folate concentrations, which may increase the potential risk of neural tube defects.
In a prospective, comparative trial assessing pregnancy outcome in women receiving atypical antipsychotic agents (olanzapine, clozapine, risperidone, and quetiapine) during pregnancy, atypical antipsychotics did not appear to be associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations. In addition, several case reports have described healthy infants born to women without complications despite prenatal exposure to olanzapine. Neonates exposed to antipsychotic agents, including olanzapine, during the third trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery.
There have been reports of agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tardive dyskinetic-like symptoms, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress, and feeding disorder in these neonates. The majority of cases were also confounded by other factors, including concomitant use of other drugs known to be associated with withdrawal symptoms, prematurity, congenital malformations, and obstetrical and perinatal complications; however, some cases suggested that neonatal extrapyramidal and withdrawal symptoms may occur with exposure to antipsychotic agents alone. Some of the cases described time of symptom onset, which ranged from birth to one month after birth.
Any neonate exhibiting extrapyramidal or withdrawal symptoms following in utero exposure to antipsychotic agents should be monitored. Symptoms were self-limiting in some neonates but varied in severity; some infants required intensive care unit support and prolonged hospitalization. For further information on extrapyramidal and withdrawal symptoms in neonates, see Cautions: Pregnancy, Fertility, and Lactation, in the Phenothiazines General Statement 28:16.08.24.
The manufacturer and some clinicians state that there are no adequate and well-controlled studies to date using olanzapine in pregnant women, and the drug should be used during pregnancy only when the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus. Women should be advised to notify their clinician if they become pregnant or plan to become pregnant during therapy with the drug. In addition, clinicians should advise women of childbearing potential about the benefits and risks of using antipsychotic agents during pregnancy.
Patients should also be advised not to stop taking their antipsychotic agent if they become pregnant without first consulting with their clinician, since abruptly discontinuing the drugs can cause clinically important complications. Parturition in rats was not affected by olanzapine. The effect of olanzapine on labor and delivery is unknown.
In oral reproduction studies in rats receiving dosages of up to 18 mg/kg daily and in rabbits at dosages of up to 30 mg/kg daily (equivalent to 9 and 30 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dosage on a mg/m2 basis, respectively), no evidence of teratogenicity was observed. In an oral rat teratology study, early resorptions and increased numbers of nonviable fetuses were observed at a dosage of 18 mg/kg daily (9 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dosage on a mg/m2 basis), and gestation was prolonged at a dosage of 10 mg/kg daily (equivalent to 5 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dosage on a mg/m2 basis). In an oral rabbit teratology study, fetal toxicity, which was manifested as increased resorptions and decreased fetal weight, occurred at a maternally toxic dosage of 30 mg/kg daily (equivalent to 30 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dosage on a mg/m2 basis).
Olanzapine is distributed into milk. The mean dosage received by an infant at steady state is estimated to be about 1.8% of the maternal dosage. The manufacturer recommends that women receiving olanzapine not breast-feed.
No enhanced Geriatric Use information available for this drug.
The following prioritized warning is available for OLANZAPINE (olanzapine):
WARNING: There may be a slightly increased risk of serious, possibly fatal side effects (such as stroke, heart failure, fast/irregular heartbeat, pneumonia) when this medication is used by older adults with dementia. This medication is not approved for the treatment of dementia-related behavior problems. Discuss the risks and benefits of this medication, as well as other effective and possibly safer treatments for dementia-related behavior problems, with the doctor. If you are using olanzapine in combination with other medication to treat depression, also carefully read the drug information for the other medication.
WARNING: There may be a slightly increased risk of serious, possibly fatal side effects (such as stroke, heart failure, fast/irregular heartbeat, pneumonia) when this medication is used by older adults with dementia. This medication is not approved for the treatment of dementia-related behavior problems. Discuss the risks and benefits of this medication, as well as other effective and possibly safer treatments for dementia-related behavior problems, with the doctor. If you are using olanzapine in combination with other medication to treat depression, also carefully read the drug information for the other medication.
The following icd codes are available for OLANZAPINE (olanzapine)'s list of indications:
| Bipolar disorder | |
| F31 | Bipolar disorder |
| F31.0 | Bipolar disorder, current episode hypomanic |
| F31.1 | Bipolar disorder, current episode manic without psychotic features |
| F31.10 | Bipolar disorder, current episode manic without psychotic features, unspecified |
| F31.11 | Bipolar disorder, current episode manic without psychotic features, mild |
| F31.12 | Bipolar disorder, current episode manic without psychotic features, moderate |
| F31.13 | Bipolar disorder, current episode manic without psychotic features, severe |
| F31.2 | Bipolar disorder, current episode manic severe with psychotic features |
| F31.3 | Bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, mild or moderate severity |
| F31.30 | Bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, mild or moderate severity, unspecified |
| F31.31 | Bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, mild |
| F31.32 | Bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, moderate |
| F31.4 | Bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, severe, without psychotic features |
| F31.5 | Bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, severe, with psychotic features |
| F31.6 | Bipolar disorder, current episode mixed |
| F31.60 | Bipolar disorder, current episode mixed, unspecified |
| F31.61 | Bipolar disorder, current episode mixed, mild |
| F31.62 | Bipolar disorder, current episode mixed, moderate |
| F31.63 | Bipolar disorder, current episode mixed, severe, without psychotic features |
| F31.64 | Bipolar disorder, current episode mixed, severe, with psychotic features |
| F31.7 | Bipolar disorder, currently in remission |
| F31.70 | Bipolar disorder, currently in remission, most recent episode unspecified |
| F31.71 | Bipolar disorder, in partial remission, most recent episode hypomanic |
| F31.72 | Bipolar disorder, in full remission, most recent episode hypomanic |
| F31.73 | Bipolar disorder, in partial remission, most recent episode manic |
| F31.74 | Bipolar disorder, in full remission, most recent episode manic |
| F31.75 | Bipolar disorder, in partial remission, most recent episode depressed |
| F31.76 | Bipolar disorder, in full remission, most recent episode depressed |
| F31.77 | Bipolar disorder, in partial remission, most recent episode mixed |
| F31.78 | Bipolar disorder, in full remission, most recent episode mixed |
| F31.8 | Other bipolar disorders |
| F31.81 | Bipolar II disorder |
| F31.89 | Other bipolar disorder |
| F31.9 | Bipolar disorder, unspecified |
| Depression associated with bipolar disorder, adjunct | |
| F31.3 | Bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, mild or moderate severity |
| F31.30 | Bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, mild or moderate severity, unspecified |
| F31.31 | Bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, mild |
| F31.32 | Bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, moderate |
| F31.4 | Bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, severe, without psychotic features |
| F31.5 | Bipolar disorder, current episode depressed, severe, with psychotic features |
| Major depressive disorder treatment adjunct | |
| F32.0 | Major depressive disorder, single episode, mild |
| F32.1 | Major depressive disorder, single episode, moderate |
| F32.2 | Major depressive disorder, single episode, severe without psychotic features |
| F32.3 | Major depressive disorder, single episode, severe with psychotic features |
| F32.9 | Major depressive disorder, single episode, unspecified |
| F33 | Major depressive disorder, recurrent |
| F33.0 | Major depressive disorder, recurrent, mild |
| F33.1 | Major depressive disorder, recurrent, moderate |
| F33.2 | Major depressive disorder, recurrent severe without psychotic features |
| F33.3 | Major depressive disorder, recurrent, severe with psychotic symptoms |
| F33.8 | Other recurrent depressive disorders |
| F33.9 | Major depressive disorder, recurrent, unspecified |
| Schizophrenia | |
| F20 | Schizophrenia |
| F20.0 | Paranoid schizophrenia |
| F20.1 | Disorganized schizophrenia |
| F20.2 | Catatonic schizophrenia |
| F20.3 | Undifferentiated schizophrenia |
| F20.5 | Residual schizophrenia |
| F20.8 | Other schizophrenia |
| F20.81 | Schizophreniform disorder |
| F20.89 | Other schizophrenia |
| F20.9 | Schizophrenia, unspecified |
Formulary Reference Tool