DIAZOXIDE (diazoxide)

There are 0 contraindications.

There are 2 severe contraindications. Adequate patient monitoring is recommended for safer drug use.

Severe List
Chronic heart failure
Ketoacidosis

There are 6 moderate contraindications. Clinically significant contraindication, where the condition can be managed or treated before the drug may be given safely.

Moderate List
Edema
Gout
Hyperkalemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypokalemia
Kidney disease with reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFr)

There are 27 severe adverse reactions.

More Frequent	Less Frequent
Body fluid retention Chronic heart failure Hypernatremia Worsening of chronic heart failure	Hypotension Ileus Tachycardia

Rare/Very Rare

Abnormal hepatic function tests Acute pancreatitis Cataracts Diabetic ketoacidosis Enterocolitis Extrapyramidal disease Extravasation injury Gout Hematuria Hemorrhage Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state Kidney disease with reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFr) Necrotizing enterocolitis Nephrotic syndrome Pericardial effusion Skin rash Subconjunctival hemorrhage Thrombocytopenic disorder Urticaria Visual changes

There are 36 less severe adverse reactions.

More Frequent	Less Frequent
Diarrhea Hirsutism Hyperuricemia Palpitations	Abdominal pain with cramps Anorexia Dizziness Dysgeusia Edema General weakness Hyperglycemia Nausea Vomiting

Rare/Very Rare
Alopecia Anemia Blurred vision Chest pain Cutaneous candidiasis Diplopia Drug fever Eosinophilia Eye tearing Galactorrhea not associated with childbirth Headache disorder Hypoesthesia Insomnia Lymphadenopathy Malaise Neutropenic disorder Oliguria Paresthesia Polyneuropathy Proteinuria Pruritus of skin Scotomata Symptoms of anxiety

Although there are no adequate and controlled studies to date in humans, diazoxide has been shown to cause fetal skeletal anomalies, an increased incidence of fetal resorptions, and delayed parturition in rats receiving the drug orally, and evidence of skeletal and cardiac teratogenic effects have occurred in the offspring of rabbits receiving the drug IV. Evidence from reproduction studies in animals indicates that the adverse effects of diazoxide on normal fetal development may occur as a result of altered glucose metabolism. In pregnant sheep, goats, and swine, diazoxide has produced appreciable increases in fetal blood glucose concentration and degeneration of fetal pancreatic islet cells.

IV administration of diazoxide (parenteral preparation no longer commercially available in US) during labor may cause cessation of uterine contractions, and administration of oxytocic agents may be required to reinstate labor. Therefore, caution is advised if oral diazoxide is administered during labor. In addition, the drug may produce fetal or neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, thrombocytopenia, altered carbohydrate metabolism, and possibly other adverse effects that have occurred in adults.

Alopecia and hypertrichosis lanuginosa have occurred in infants whose mothers received oral diazoxide during the last 19-60 days of pregnancy for the treatment of preeclampsia. Diazoxide should be used during pregnancy only when the potential benefits justify the possible risks to the fetus.

It is not known if diazoxide is distributed into milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions to diazoxide in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the woman.

Precaution Exists
Precaution exists. (No data or inconclusive human data.) Use of this drug by breast feeding mothers should be evaluated carefully.

Drug Name	Excretion Potential	Effect on Infant	Notes
Diazoxide	Excreted.This drug is known to be excreted in human breast milk.	It is not known whether this drug has an adverse effect on the nursing infant. (No data or inconclusive human data)	Insuff data avail; excreted in breastmilk, monitor infant's blood glucose

No enhanced Geriatric Use information available for this drug.

Precaution Exists
Geriatric management or monitoring precaution exists.

Drug Name	Narrative	REN	HEP	CARDIO	NEURO	PULM	ENDO
Diazoxide	Renal- Consider reduced dose with impaired renal function. Cardiovascular-Fluid retention may precipitate heart failure.	Y	N	Y	N	N	N