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Drug overview for CHLORHIST (chlorpheniramine maleate):
Generic name: chlorpheniramine maleate (klor-fen-EER-a-meen)
Drug class: Antihistamines
Therapeutic class: Respiratory Therapy Agents
Chlorpheniramine is an alkylamine (propylamine)-derivative, first generation antihistamine.
No enhanced Uses information available for this drug.
Generic name: chlorpheniramine maleate (klor-fen-EER-a-meen)
Drug class: Antihistamines
Therapeutic class: Respiratory Therapy Agents
Chlorpheniramine is an alkylamine (propylamine)-derivative, first generation antihistamine.
No enhanced Uses information available for this drug.
DRUG IMAGES
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The following indications for CHLORHIST (chlorpheniramine maleate) have been approved by the FDA:
Indications:
Allergic conjunctivitis
Allergic rhinitis
Anaphylaxis adjunct
Dermatographic urticaria
Nasal congestion
Pruritus of skin
Rhinorrhea
Sneezing
Urticaria
Vasomotor rhinitis
Professional Synonyms:
Adjunct medication therapy for anaphylactic reaction
Adjunct medication therapy for anaphylaxis
Allergy eye itch
Atopic conjunctivitis
Autographism
Cnidosis
Dermatography
Dermographia
Dermographism
Dermography
Ebbecke's reaction
Factitious urticaria
Itching wheals
Itchy eyes due to allergies
Itchy skin eruption
Nasal stuffiness
Nettle rash
Ocular itching due to allergies
Pruritic dermatitis
Skin writing
Uredo
Urticaria factitia
Urticarial rash
Urtication
Weal
Indications:
Allergic conjunctivitis
Allergic rhinitis
Anaphylaxis adjunct
Dermatographic urticaria
Nasal congestion
Pruritus of skin
Rhinorrhea
Sneezing
Urticaria
Vasomotor rhinitis
Professional Synonyms:
Adjunct medication therapy for anaphylactic reaction
Adjunct medication therapy for anaphylaxis
Allergy eye itch
Atopic conjunctivitis
Autographism
Cnidosis
Dermatography
Dermographia
Dermographism
Dermography
Ebbecke's reaction
Factitious urticaria
Itching wheals
Itchy eyes due to allergies
Itchy skin eruption
Nasal stuffiness
Nettle rash
Ocular itching due to allergies
Pruritic dermatitis
Skin writing
Uredo
Urticaria factitia
Urticarial rash
Urtication
Weal
The following dosing information is available for CHLORHIST (chlorpheniramine maleate):
Dosage of chlorpheniramine and dexchlorpheniramine should be individualized according to the patient's response and tolerance. Dosage of dexchlorpheniramine maleate is approximately 50% that of chlorpheniramine maleate.
Chlorpheniramine maleate and dexchlorpheniramine maleate are administered orally.
| DRUG LABEL | DOSING TYPE | DOSING INSTRUCTIONS |
|---|---|---|
| CHLORHIST 4 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (4 mg) by oral route every 4 hours as needed |
| DRUG LABEL | DOSING TYPE | DOSING INSTRUCTIONS |
|---|---|---|
| CHLORPHENIRAMINE 4 MG TABLET | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (4 mg) by oral route every 4 hours as needed |
| RA CHLORPHENIRAMINE 4 MG TAB | Maintenance | Adults take 1 tablet (4 mg) by oral route every 4 hours as needed |
The following drug interaction information is available for CHLORHIST (chlorpheniramine maleate):
There are 1 contraindications.
These drug combinations generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient. A manufacturer label warning that indicates the contraindication warrants inclusion of a drug combination in this category, regardless of clinical evidence or lack of clinical evidence to support the contraindication.
| Drug Interaction | Drug Names |
|---|---|
| Selected Antihistamines/Selected MAOIs SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient. MECHANISM OF ACTION: MAOIs prolong and intensify the effects of antihistamines.(1-6) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of antihistamines and a MAOI may result in severe hypotension.(1-6) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Concurrent use of antihistamines and a MAOI is contraindicated.(1-6) DISCUSSION: MAOIs may prolong and intensify the effects of antihistamines, resulting in severe hypotension.(1-6) A case report describes a patient having cyproheptadine added to their phenelzine therapy in an attempt to relieve the patients anorgasmia. The patient began to suddenly experience visual hallucination after taking the cyproheptadine for two months. Once the medication was terminated, the hallucinations stopped occurring within 48 hours.(7) Methylene blue, when administered intravenously, has been shown to reach sufficient concentrations to be a potent inhibitor of MAO-A.(8,9) |
AZILECT, EMSAM, FURAZOLIDONE, MARPLAN, MATULANE, METHYLENE BLUE, NARDIL, PARNATE, PHENELZINE SULFATE, PROCARBAZINE HCL, PROVAYBLUE, RASAGILINE MESYLATE, SELEGILINE HCL, TRANYLCYPROMINE SULFATE, XADAGO, ZELAPAR |
There are 8 severe interactions.
These drug interactions can produce serious consequences in most patients. Actions required for severe interactions include, but are not limited to, discontinuing one or both agents, adjusting dosage, altering administration scheduling, and providing additional patient monitoring. Review the full interaction monograph for more information.
| Drug Interaction | Drug Names |
|---|---|
| Solid Oral Potassium Tablets/Anticholinergics SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concentrated potassium may damage the lining of the GI tract. Anticholinergics delay gastric emptying, resulting in the potassium product remaining in the gastrointestinal tract for a longer period of time.(1-16) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Use of solid oral dosage forms of potassium in patients treated with anticholinergics may result in gastrointestinal erosions, ulcers, stenosis and bleeding.(1-16) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Diseases or conditions which may increase risk for GI damage include: preexisting dysphagia, strictures, cardiomegaly, diabetic gastroparesis, elderly status, or insufficient oral intake to allow dilution of potassium.(1-10,21) Other drugs which may add to risk for GI damage include: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), bisphosphonates, or tetracyclines.(21) PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Regulatory agency and manufacturer recommendations regarding this interaction: - In the US, all solid oral dosage forms (including tablets and extended release capsules) of potassium are contraindicated in patients receiving anticholinergics at sufficient dosages to result in systemic effects.(2-8) Patients receiving such anticholinergic therapy should use a liquid form of potassium chloride.(2) - In Canada, solid oral potassium is contraindicated in any patient with a cause for arrest or delay in tablet/capsule passage through the gastrointestinal tract and the manufacturers recommend caution with concurrent anticholinergic medications.(1,9-10) Evaluate each patient for predisposing factors which may increase risk for GI damage. In patients with multiple risk factors for harm, consider use of liquid potassium supplements, if tolerated. For patients receiving concomitant therapy, assure any potassium dose form is taken after meals with a large glass of water or other fluid. To decrease potassium concentration in the GI tract, limit each dose to 20 meq; if more than 20 meq daily is required, give in divided doses.(2) If concurrent therapy is warranted, monitor patients receiving concurrent therapy for signs of blood loss, including decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, fecal occult blood, and/or decreased blood pressure and promptly evaluate patients with any symptoms. Patients should be instructed to immediately report any difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, distention, severe vomiting, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Instruct patients to report any signs and symptoms of bleeding, such as unusual bleeding from the gums or nose; unusual bruising; red or black, tarry stools; red, pink or dark brown urine; acute abdominal or joint pain and/or swelling. DISCUSSION: In clinical trials, there was a higher incidence of gastric and duodenal lesions in patients receiving a high dose of a wax-matrix controlled-release formulation with a concurrent anticholinergic agent. Some lesions were asymptomatic and not accompanied by bleeding, as shown by a lack of positive Hemoccult tests.(1-17) Several studies suggest that the incidence of gastric and duodenal lesions may be less with the microencapsulated formulation of potassium chloride.(14-17) |
K-TAB ER, KLOR-CON 10, KLOR-CON 8, KLOR-CON M10, KLOR-CON M15, KLOR-CON M20, POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM CITRATE ER, UROCIT-K |
| Solid Oral Potassium Capsules/Anticholinergics SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concentrated potassium may damage the lining of the GI tract. Anticholinergics delay gastric emptying, resulting in the potassium product remaining in the gastrointestinal tract for a longer period of time.(1-16)) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Use of solid oral dosage forms of potassium in patients treated with anticholinergics may result in gastrointestinal erosions, ulcers, stenosis and bleeding.(1-16) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Diseases or conditions which may increase risk for GI damage include: preexisting dysphagia, strictures, cardiomegaly, diabetic gastroparesis, elderly status, or insufficient oral intake to allow dilution of potassium.(1-10,21) Other drugs which may add to risk for GI damage include: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), bisphosphonates, or tetracyclines.(21) PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Regulatory agency and manufacturer recommendations regarding this interaction: - In the US, all solid oral dosage forms (including tablets and extended release capsules) of potassium are contraindicated in patients receiving anticholinergics at sufficient dosages to result in systemic effects.(2-8) Patients receiving such anticholinergic therapy should use a liquid form of potassium chloride.(2) - In Canada, solid oral potassium is contraindicated in any patient with a cause for arrest or delay in tablet/capsule passage through the gastrointestinal tract and the manufacturers recommend caution with concurrent anticholinergic medications.(1,9-10) Evaluate each patient for predisposing factors which may increase risk for GI damage. In patients with multiple risk factors for harm, consider use of liquid potassium supplements, if tolerated. For patients receiving concomitant therapy, assure any potassium dose form is taken after meals with a large glass of water or other fluid. To decrease potassium concentration in the GI tract, limit each dose to 20 meq; if more than 20 meq daily is required, give in divided doses.(2) If concurrent therapy is warranted, monitor patients receiving concurrent therapy for signs of blood loss, including decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, fecal occult blood, and/or decreased blood pressure and promptly evaluate patients with any symptoms. Patients should be instructed to immediately report any difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, distention, severe vomiting, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Instruct patients to report any signs and symptoms of bleeding, such as unusual bleeding from the gums or nose; unusual bruising; red or black, tarry stools; red, pink or dark brown urine; acute abdominal or joint pain and/or swelling. DISCUSSION: In clinical trials, there was a higher incidence of gastric and duodenal lesions in patients receiving a high dose of a wax-matrix controlled-release formulation with a concurrent anticholinergic agent. The lesions were asymptomatic and not accompanied by bleeding, as shown by a lack of positive Hemoccult tests.(1-17) Several studies suggest that the incidence of gastric and duodenal lesions may be less with the microencapsulated formulation of potassium chloride.(14-17) |
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE |
| Radioactive Iodide/Agents that Affect Iodide SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Many compounds can affect iodide protein binding and alter iodide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Compounds that affect iodide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics may impact the effectiveness of radioactive iodide.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Compounds that affect iodide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are expected to have the most impact during therapy using radioactive iodide. Diagnostic procedures would be expected to be impacted less. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Discuss the use of agents that affect iodide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with the patient's oncologist.(1) DISCUSSION: Many agents interact with radioactive iodine. The average duration of effect is: anticoagulants - 1 week antihistamines - 1 week anti-thyroid drugs, e.g: carbimazole, methimazole, propylthiouracil - 3-5 days corticosteroids - 1 week iodide-containing medications, e.g: amiodarone - 1-6 months expectorants - 2 weeks Lugol solution - 3 weeks saturated solution of potassium iodine - 3 weeks vitamins - 10-14 days iodide-containing X-ray contrast agents - up to 1 year lithium - 4 weeks phenylbutazone - 1-2 weeks sulfonamides - 1 week thyroid hormones (natural or synthetic), e.g.: thyroxine - 4 weeks tri-iodothyronine - 2 weeks tolbutamide - 1 week topical iodide - 1-9 months (1) |
ADREVIEW, JEANATOPE, MEGATOPE, SODIUM IODIDE I-123 |
| Clozapine/Anticholinergics SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Clozapine has potent anticholinergic properties and inhibits serotonin receptors, including 5-HT3.(1-4) Both of these properties may cause inhibition of gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle contraction, resulting in decreased peristalsis.(3,4) These effects may be compounded by concurrent use of anticholinergic agents.(1-6) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of clozapine with other anticholinergic agents may increase the risk of constipation (common) and serious bowel complications (uncommon), including complete bowel obstruction, fecal impaction, paralytic ileus and intestinal ischemia or infarction.(1-6) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: The risk for serious bowel complications is higher with increasing age, higher frequency of constipation, and in patients on higher doses of clozapine or multiple anticholinergic agents.(1,5) PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Avoid the use of other anticholinergic agents with clozapine.(1-6) If concurrent use is necessary, evaluate the patient's bowel function regularly. Monitor for symptoms of constipation and GI hypomotility, including having bowel movements less than three times weekly or less than usual, difficulty having a bowel movement or passing gas, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain or distention.(2) Consider a prophylactic laxative in those with a history of constipation or bowel obstruction.(2) Review patient medication list for other anticholinergic agents. When possible, decrease the dosage or number of prescribed anticholinergic agents, particularly in the elderly. Counsel the patient about the importance of maintaining adequate hydration. Encourage regular exercise and eating a high-fiber diet.(2) DISCUSSION: In a prospective cohort study of 26,720 schizophrenic patients in the Danish Central Psychiatric Research Registry, the odds ratio (OR) for ileus was 1.99 with clozapine and 1.48 with anticholinergics. The OR for fatal ileus was 6.73 with clozapine and 5.88 with anticholinergics. Use of anticholinergics with 1st generation antipsychotics (FGA) increased the risk of ileus compare to FGA alone, but this analysis was not done with clozapine.(5) A retrospective cohort study of 24,970 schizophrenic patients from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database found that the hazard ratio (HR) for clozapine-induced constipation increased from 1.64 when clozapine is used alone, to 2.15 when used concomitantly with anticholinergics. However, there was no significant difference in the HR for ileus when clozapine is used with and without anticholinergics (1.95 and 2.02, respectively).(6) In the French Pharmacovigilance Database, 7 of 38 cases of antipsychotic-associated ischemic colitis or intestinal necrosis involved clozapine, and 5 of these cases involved use of concomitant anticholinergic agents. Three patients died, one of whom was on concomitant anticholinergics.(3) In a case series, 4 of 9 cases of fatal clozapine-associated GI dysfunction involved concurrent anticholinergic agents.(4) |
CLOZAPINE, CLOZAPINE ODT, CLOZARIL, VERSACLOZ |
| Zonisamide/Anticholinergics SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Zonisamide can cause decreased sweating and elevated body temperature. Agents with anticholinergic activity can predispose patients to heat-related disorders.(1-2) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of zonisamide with agents with anticholinergic activity may increase the incidence of oligohidrosis and hyperthermia, especially in pediatric or adolescent patients.(1-2) Overheating and dehydration can lead to brain damage and death. PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Pediatric and adolescent patients and patients with dehydration may be more likely to experience heat-related disorders.(1) PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The UK and US manufacturers of zonisamide state that caution should be used in adults when zonisamide is prescribed with other medicinal products that predispose to heat-related disorders, such as agents with anticholinergic activity.(1-2) Pediatric and adolescent patients must not take anticholinergic agents (e.g. clomipramine, hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine, haloperidol, imipramine, and oxybutynin) concurrently with zonisamide.(1) Monitor for signs and symptoms of heat stroke: skin feels very hot with little or no sweating, confusion, muscle cramps, rapid heartbeat, or rapid breathing. Monitor for signs and symptoms of dehydration: dry mouth, urinating less than usual, dark-colored urine, dry skin, feeling tired, dizziness, or irritability. If signs or symptoms of dehydration, oligohidrosis, or elevated body temperature occur, discontinuation of zonisamide should be considered. DISCUSSION: Case reports of decreased sweating and elevated temperature have been reported, especially in pediatric patients. Some cases resulted in heat stroke that required hospital treatment and resulted in death.(1) |
ZONEGRAN, ZONISADE, ZONISAMIDE |
| Eluxadoline/Anticholinergics; Opioids SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Eluxadoline is a mixed mu-opioid and kappa-opioid agonist and delta-opioid antagonist and may alter or slow down gastrointestinal transit.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Constipation related adverse events that sometimes required hospitalization have been reported, including the development of intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, and fecal impaction.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Avoid use with other drugs that may cause constipation. If concurrent use is necessary, evaluate the patient's bowel function regularly. Monitor for symptoms of constipation and GI hypomotility, including having bowel movements less than three times weekly or less than usual, difficulty having a bowel movement or passing gas, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain or distention.(1) Instruct patients to stop eluxadoline and immediately contact their healthcare provider if they experience severe constipation. Loperamide may be used occasionally for acute management of severe diarrhea, but must be discontinued if constipation develops.(1) DISCUSSION: In phase 3 clinical trials, constipation was the most commonly reported adverse reaction (8%). Approximately 50% of constipation events occurred within the first 2 weeks of treatment while the majority occurred within the first 3 months of therapy. Rates of severe constipation were less than 1% in patients receiving eluxadoline doses of 75 mg and 100 mg.(1) |
VIBERZI |
| Glucagon (Diagnostic)/Anticholinergics SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Glucagon and anticholinergic agents may have additive effects on inhibition of gastrointestinal motility.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of glucagon with anticholinergic agents may increase the risk of gastrointestinal hypomotility, including constipation and bowel complications.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Concurrent use of glucagon as a diagnotic aid is not recommended with the use of anticholinergic agents.(1) If concurrent use is necessary, evaluate the patient's bowel function. Monitor for symptoms of constipation and gastrointestinal hypomotility. DISCUSSION: Both glucagon and anticholinergic agents may have additive effects on inhibition of gastrointestinal motility and increase the risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects.(1) |
GLUCAGON HCL |
| Sodium Iodide I 131/Agents that Affect Iodide SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Many compounds can affect iodide protein binding and alter iodide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.(1,2) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Compounds that affect iodide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics may impact the effectiveness of radioactive iodide.(1,2) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Compounds that affect iodide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are expected to have the most impact during therapy using radioactive iodide. Diagnostic procedures would be expected to be impacted less. PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Discuss the use of agents that affect iodide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with the patient's oncologist.(1,2) DISCUSSION: Many agents interact with radioactive iodine. The average duration of effect is: anticoagulants - 1 week antihistamines - 1 week anti-thyroid drugs, e.g: carbimazole, methimazole, propylthiouracil - 3-5 days corticosteroids - 1 week iodide-containing medications, e.g: amiodarone - 1-6 months expectorants - 2 weeks Lugol solution - 3 weeks saturated solution of potassium iodine - 3 weeks vitamins - 10-14 days iodide-containing X-ray contrast agents - up to 1 year lithium - 4 weeks phenylbutazone - 1-2 weeks sulfonamides - 1 week thyroid hormones (natural or synthetic), e.g.: thyroxine - 4 weeks tri-iodothyronine - 2 weeks tolbutamide - 1 week topical iodide - 1-9 months (1,2) |
HICON, SODIUM IODIDE I-131 |
There are 1 moderate interactions.
The clinician should assess the patient’s characteristics and take action as needed. Actions required for moderate interactions include, but are not limited to, discontinuing one or both agents, adjusting dosage, altering administration.
| Drug Interaction | Drug Names |
|---|---|
| Topiramate/Anticholinergics SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Topiramate can cause decreased sweating and elevated body temperature. Agents with anticholinergic activity can predispose patients to heat-related disorders.(1-2) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of topiramate with agents with anticholinergic activity may increase the incidence of oligohidrosis and hyperthermia, especially in pediatric or adolescent patients.(1-2) Overheating and dehydration can lead to brain damage and death. PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Pediatric and adolescent patients and patients with dehydration may be more likely to experience heat-related disorders.(1) PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The manufacturer of topiramate states that caution should be used when topiramate is prescribed with other medicinal products that predispose to heat-related disorders, such as agents with anticholinergic activity (e.g. clomipramine, hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine, haloperidol, imipramine, and oxybutynin) concurrently with zonisamide.(1) Monitor for signs and symptoms of heat stroke: skin feels very hot with little or no sweating, confusion, muscle cramps, rapid heartbeat, or rapid breathing. Monitor for signs and symptoms of dehydration: dry mouth, urinating less than usual, dark-colored urine, dry skin, feeling tired, dizziness, or irritability. If signs or symptoms of dehydration, oligohidrosis, or elevated body temperature occur, discontinuation of zonisamide should be considered. DISCUSSION: Case reports of decreased sweating and elevated temperature have been reported, especially in pediatric patients. Some cases resulted in heat stroke that required hospital treatment.(1) A 64-year old woman developed non-exertional hyperthemia while taking multiple psychiatric medications with topiramate.(2) |
EPRONTIA, QSYMIA, QUDEXY XR, TOPAMAX, TOPIRAMATE, TOPIRAMATE ER, TROKENDI XR |
The following contraindication information is available for CHLORHIST (chlorpheniramine maleate):
Drug contraindication overview.
No enhanced Contraindications information available for this drug.
No enhanced Contraindications information available for this drug.
There are 0 contraindications.
There are 7 severe contraindications.
Adequate patient monitoring is recommended for safer drug use.
| Severe List |
|---|
| Angle-closure glaucoma |
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| Bladder outflow obstruction |
| Chronic idiopathic constipation |
| Gastrointestinal obstruction |
| Stenosing peptic ulcer |
| Urinary retention |
There are 3 moderate contraindications.
Clinically significant contraindication, where the condition can be managed or treated before the drug may be given safely.
| Moderate List |
|---|
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Hypertension |
| Hyperthyroidism |
The following adverse reaction information is available for CHLORHIST (chlorpheniramine maleate):
Adverse reaction overview.
No enhanced Common Adverse Effects information available for this drug.
No enhanced Common Adverse Effects information available for this drug.
There are 8 severe adverse reactions.
| More Frequent | Less Frequent |
|---|---|
| None. | None. |
| Rare/Very Rare |
|---|
|
Anaphylaxis Blood dyscrasias Extrasystoles Hallucinations Hemolytic anemia Hypersensitivity drug reaction Hypotension Seizure disorder |
There are 52 less severe adverse reactions.
| More Frequent | Less Frequent |
|---|---|
|
Anticholinergic toxicity Dizziness Drowsy Thick bronchial secretions |
| Rare/Very Rare |
|---|
|
Abdominal distension Accidental fall Acute abdominal pain Acute cognitive impairment Agitation Anorexia Ataxia Blurred vision Chest discomfort Chills Constipation Diarrhea Diplopia Dry nose Dry throat Dyspnea Dysuria Euphoria Excitement Fatigue Headache disorder Hyperhidrosis Insomnia Irritability Maculopapular rash Malaise Migraine Nausea Nervousness Nightmares Palpitations Paresthesia Pruritus of skin Skin photosensitivity Skin rash Symptoms of anxiety Tachycardia Tinnitus Tremor Urinary retention Urticaria Vertigo Visual changes Vomiting Wheezing Xerostomia |
The following precautions are available for CHLORHIST (chlorpheniramine maleate):
No enhanced Pediatric Use information available for this drug.
Contraindicated
Contraindicated
Severe Precaution
Management or Monitoring Precaution
Contraindicated
| Chlorpheniramine | 30 Days – 2 Years | Risk of serious and life-threatening adverse effects of CNS depression or excitation. Not recommended age <2 years. Avoid using with underlying asthma. |
Contraindicated
| Chlorpheniramine (Oral) | 1 Day – 29 Days | Possible paradoxical CNS excitation. Seizure risk in newborns. |
Severe Precaution
| Chlorpheniramine | 2 Years – 6 Years | Risk of CNS depression and paradoxical excitation. Consult healthcare provider for age< 6 years. |
Management or Monitoring Precaution
| None |
Reproduction studies in animals using dexchlorpheniramine have not been performed to date, but reproduction studies in rabbits and rats using chlorpheniramine maleate dosages up to 50 and 85 times the usual human dosage, respectively, have not revealed evidence of harm to the fetus. Decreased postnatal survival in offspring of rats receiving 33 and 67 times the usual human dosage of chlorpheniramine maleate has been reported. There are no adequate and controlled studies to date using chlorpheniramine or dexchlorpheniramine in pregnant women, and the drugs should be used during the first 2 trimesters only when clearly needed.
In one epidemiologic study, use of chlorpheniramine was not associated with an increased risk of teratogenic effects; however, only a limited number of pregnant women received the drug in this study. Because of the risk of severe reactions (e.g., seizures) to antihistamines in neonates, chlorpheniramine or dexchlorpheniramine should not be used during the third trimester.
In one epidemiologic study, use of chlorpheniramine was not associated with an increased risk of teratogenic effects; however, only a limited number of pregnant women received the drug in this study. Because of the risk of severe reactions (e.g., seizures) to antihistamines in neonates, chlorpheniramine or dexchlorpheniramine should not be used during the third trimester.
| Drug/Drug Class | Severity | Precaution Description | Pregnancy Category Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorpheniramine | 2 | Low risk, premature infant at risk of retrolental fibroplasia | No fda rating but may have precautions or warnings; may have animal and/or human studies or pre or post marketing information. |
It is not known whether chlorpheniramine or dexchlorpheniramine is distributed into milk, but other antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine) have been detected in milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions to antihistamines in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or chlorpheniramine or dexchlorpheniramine, taking into account the importance of the drug to the woman.
Precaution Exists
Precaution exists. (No data or inconclusive human data.) Use of this drug by breast feeding mothers should be evaluated carefully.
Precaution Exists
Precaution exists. (No data or inconclusive human data.) Use of this drug by breast feeding mothers should be evaluated carefully.
| Drug Name | Excretion Potential | Effect on Infant | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorpheniramine | Unknown. It is unknown whether the drug is excreted in human breast milk. | It is not known whether this drug has an adverse effect on the nursing infant. (No data or inconclusive human data) | Insufficient data available; may cause sedation and inhibit lactation |
No enhanced Geriatric Use information available for this drug.
Precaution Exists
Geriatric management or monitoring precaution exists.
Precaution Exists
Geriatric management or monitoring precaution exists.
| Drug Name | Narrative | REN | HEP | CARDIO | NEURO | PULM | ENDO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorpheniramine | Neuro/Psych-Anticholinergic effects may cause sedation, worsen cognitive impairment and increase fall risk. Non-sedating antihistamine preferred. Gastrointestinal-May cause or worsen pre-existing constipation. Genitourinary-Best avoided in patients with urinary retention from any cause. | N | N | N | Y | N | N |
The following prioritized warning is available for CHLORHIST (chlorpheniramine maleate):
No warning message for this drug.
No warning message for this drug.
The following icd codes are available for CHLORHIST (chlorpheniramine maleate)'s list of indications:
| Allergic conjunctivitis | |
| H10.1 | Acute atopic conjunctivitis |
| H10.10 | Acute atopic conjunctivitis, unspecified eye |
| H10.11 | Acute atopic conjunctivitis, right eye |
| H10.12 | Acute atopic conjunctivitis, left eye |
| H10.13 | Acute atopic conjunctivitis, bilateral |
| H10.44 | Vernal conjunctivitis |
| H10.45 | Other chronic allergic conjunctivitis |
| H16.26 | Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, with limbar and corneal involvement |
| H16.261 | Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, with limbar and corneal involvement, right eye |
| H16.262 | Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, with limbar and corneal involvement, left eye |
| H16.263 | Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, with limbar and corneal involvement, bilateral |
| H16.269 | Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, with limbar and corneal involvement, unspecified eye |
| Allergic rhinitis | |
| J30.1 | Allergic rhinitis due to pollen |
| J30.2 | Other seasonal allergic rhinitis |
| J30.5 | Allergic rhinitis due to food |
| J30.8 | Other allergic rhinitis |
| J30.81 | Allergic rhinitis due to animal (cat) (dog) hair and dander |
| J30.89 | Other allergic rhinitis |
| J30.9 | Allergic rhinitis, unspecified |
| Anaphylaxis adjunct | |
| T78.00xA | Anaphylactic reaction due to unspecified food, initial encounter |
| T78.01xA | Anaphylactic reaction due to peanuts, initial encounter |
| T78.02xA | Anaphylactic reaction due to shellfish (crustaceans), initial encounter |
| T78.03xA | Anaphylactic reaction due to other fish, initial encounter |
| T78.04xA | Anaphylactic reaction due to fruits and vegetables, initial encounter |
| T78.05xA | Anaphylactic reaction due to tree nuts and seeds, initial encounter |
| T78.06xA | Anaphylactic reaction due to food additives, initial encounter |
| T78.07xA | Anaphylactic reaction due to milk and dairy products, initial encounter |
| T78.08xA | Anaphylactic reaction due to eggs, initial encounter |
| T78.09xA | Anaphylactic reaction due to other food products, initial encounter |
| T78.2xxA | Anaphylactic shock, unspecified, initial encounter |
| T80.51 | Anaphylactic reaction due to administration of blood and blood products |
| T80.52xA | Anaphylactic reaction due to vaccination, initial encounter |
| T80.59xA | Anaphylactic reaction due to other serum, initial encounter |
| T88.6xxA | Anaphylactic reaction due to adverse effect of correct drug or medicament properly administered, initial encounter |
| Dermatographic urticaria | |
| L50.3 | Dermatographic urticaria |
| Nasal congestion | |
| R09.81 | Nasal congestion |
| Pruritus of skin | |
| L29.8 | Other pruritus |
| L29.81 | Cholestatic pruritus |
| L29.89 | Other pruritus |
| L29.9 | Pruritus, unspecified |
| Rhinorrhea | |
| R09.82 | Postnasal drip |
| Sneezing | |
| R06.7 | Sneezing |
| Urticaria | |
| L50 | Urticaria |
| L50.0 | Allergic urticaria |
| L50.1 | Idiopathic urticaria |
| L50.2 | Urticaria due to cold and heat |
| L50.3 | Dermatographic urticaria |
| L50.4 | Vibratory urticaria |
| L50.5 | Cholinergic urticaria |
| L50.6 | Contact urticaria |
| L50.8 | Other urticaria |
| L50.9 | Urticaria, unspecified |
| L56.3 | Solar urticaria |
| O26.86 | Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPp) |
| Vasomotor rhinitis | |
| J30.0 | Vasomotor rhinitis |
Formulary Reference Tool