Pyridium

Drug overview for PYRIDIUM (phenazopyridine hcl):

Generic name: PHENAZOPYRIDINE HCL (fen-AY-zoe-PIR-i-deen)
Drug class: Urinary Analgesics
Therapeutic class: Genitourinary Therapy

Phenazopyridine hydrochloride is an azo dye that exerts analgesic or local anesthetic action on the urinary tract mucosa.

Phenazopyridine is used for the symptomatic relief of pain, burning, urgency, frequency, and other discomforts resulting from irritation of the lower urinary tract mucosa caused by infection, trauma, surgery, endoscopic procedures, or the passage of sounds or catheters. The use of phenazopyridine for relief of symptoms should not delay definitive diagnosis and treatment of causative conditions. The drug is not a substitute for specific surgery or antimicrobial therapy.

Phenazopyridine also may be used for self-medication for the symptomatic relief of minor pain, urgency, frequency, and burning on urination. Combinations of phenazopyridine hydrochloride with sulfonamides are commercially available for the initial treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by susceptible organisms when relief of symptoms of pain, burning, or urgency is needed during the first 2 days of therapy. There is a lack of evidence that combinations of phenazopyridine hydrochloride with sulfonamides provide greater benefit than a sulfonamide alone after 2 days, and treatment beyond 2 days should only be continued with a sulfonamide alone.

DRUG IMAGES

PHENAZOPYRIDINE 100 MG TAB
PHENAZOPYRIDINE 200 MG TAB

The following indications for PYRIDIUM (phenazopyridine hcl) have been approved by the FDA:

Indications:
Dysuria
Urinary tract irritation

Professional Synonyms:
Pain on urination

Dosing information for PYRIDIUM
DRUG LABEL	DOSING TYPE	DOSING INSTRUCTIONS
PYRIDIUM 100 MG TABLET	Maintenance	Adults take 1 tablet (100 mg) by oral route 3 times per day after meals as needed
PYRIDIUM 200 MG TABLET	Maintenance	Adults take 1 tablet (200 mg) by oral route 3 times per day after meals as needed

Generic dosing information for PHENAZOPYRIDINE HCL
DRUG LABEL	DOSING TYPE	DOSING INSTRUCTIONS
PHENAZOPYRIDINE 100 MG TAB	Maintenance	Adults take 1 tablet (100 mg) by oral route 3 times per day after meals as needed
PHENAZOPYRIDINE 200 MG TAB	Maintenance	Adults take 1 tablet (200 mg) by oral route 3 times per day after meals as needed

The following drug interaction information is available for PYRIDIUM (phenazopyridine hcl):

Contraindicated
Severe
Moderate

There are 0 contraindications.

There are 1 severe interactions. These drug interactions can produce serious consequences in most patients. Actions required for severe interactions include, but are not limited to, discontinuing one or both agents, adjusting dosage, altering administration scheduling, and providing additional patient monitoring. Review the full interaction monograph for more information.

Drug Interaction	Drug Names
Long-acting Bupivacaine/Local Anesthetics SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concurrent use of other local anesthetics or use of other local anesthetics within 96 hours following long-acting bupivacaine may result in additive neurologic and cardiovascular effects. Use of articaine, benzocaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, procaine, ropivacaine, and tetracaine may also increase the risk of methemoglobinemia.(1,2) Non-liposomal bupivacaine may impact the pharmacokinetic and/or physicochemical properties of the liposomal formulation when administered in the same syringe or used simultaneously unless the ratio of mg of non-liposomal bupivacaine to mg of bupivacaine liposomal does not exceed 1:2.(1) Local anesthetics other than bupivacaine may trigger the immediate release of bupivacaine from the liposomal formulation when administered together locally.(1) CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent or use of local anesthetics with 96 hours of use of long-acting bupivacaine may result in neurologic and cardiovascular toxicity. Use of articaine, benzocaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, procaine, ropivacaine, and tetracaine may also result in methemoglobinemia.(1,2) Non-liposomal bupivacaine may impact the pharmacokinetic and/or physicochemical properties of the liposomal formulation when administered in the same syringe or used simultaneously unless the ratio of mg of non-liposomal bupivacaine to mg of bupivacaine liposomal does not exceed 1:2.(1) Local anesthetics other than bupivacaine may trigger the immediate release of bupivacaine from the liposomal formulation when administered together locally.(1) PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Use of additional agents that are associated with methemoglobinemia may further increase the risk of methemoglobinemia.(1) Patients who are at increased risk of developing methemoglobinemia include those with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, congenital or idiopathic methemoglobinemia, cardiac or pulmonary compromise, infants under 6 months of age, and concurrent exposure to oxidizing agents or their metabolites are more susceptible to developing clinical manifestations of the condition. If local anesthetics must be used in these patients, close monitoring for symptoms and signs of methemoglobinemia is recommended.(1) PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Avoid the use of other local anesthetics within 96 hours following the administration of long-acting bupivacaine. In patients for whom use is required, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects. Also monitor for methemoglobinemia with use of articaine, benzocaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, procaine, ropivacaine, and tetracaine.(1,2) Non-liposomal bupivacaine may be administered in the same syringe as bupivacaine liposomal or injected immediately before bupivacaine liposomal as long as the ratio of mg of non-liposomal bupivacaine to mg of bupivacaine liposomal does not exceed 1:2.(1) Lidocaine may be administered 20 minutes or more prior to bupivacaine. It is unknown if other local anesthetics may be used without compromising the release characteristic of bupivacaine liposomal.(1) DISCUSSION: Concurrent use of other local anesthetics or use of other local anesthetics within 96 hours following long-acting bupivacaine may result in additive neurologic and cardiovascular effects. Use of articaine, benzocaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, procaine, ropivacaine, and tetracaine may also increase the risk of methemoglobinemia.(1,2) Non-liposome bupivacaine may impact the pharmacokinetic and/or physicochemical properties of the liposomal formulation when administered in the same syringe or used simultaneously unless the ratio of mg of non-liposomal bupivacaine to mg of bupivacaine liposomal does not exceed 1:2.(1) Local anesthetics other than bupivacaine may trigger the immediate release of bupivacaine from the liposomal formulation when administered together locally. Lidocaine may be administered 20 minutes or more prior to bupivacaine. It is unknown if other local anesthetics may be used without compromising the release characteristic of bupivacaine liposomal.(1)	BUPIVACAINE LIPOSOME, EXPAREL, XARACOLL, ZYNRELEF

Drug Interaction

Drug Names

Long-acting Bupivacaine/Local Anesthetics

SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Concurrent use of other local anesthetics or use of other local anesthetics within 96 hours following long-acting bupivacaine may result in additive neurologic and cardiovascular effects. Use of articaine, benzocaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, procaine, ropivacaine, and tetracaine may also increase the risk of methemoglobinemia.(1,2) Non-liposomal bupivacaine may impact the pharmacokinetic and/or physicochemical properties of the liposomal formulation when administered in the same syringe or used simultaneously unless the ratio of mg of non-liposomal bupivacaine to mg of bupivacaine liposomal does not exceed 1:2.(1) Local anesthetics other than bupivacaine may trigger the immediate release of bupivacaine from the liposomal formulation when administered together locally.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent or use of local anesthetics with 96 hours of use of long-acting bupivacaine may result in neurologic and cardiovascular toxicity. Use of articaine, benzocaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, procaine, ropivacaine, and tetracaine may also result in methemoglobinemia.(1,2) Non-liposomal bupivacaine may impact the pharmacokinetic and/or physicochemical properties of the liposomal formulation when administered in the same syringe or used simultaneously unless the ratio of mg of non-liposomal bupivacaine to mg of bupivacaine liposomal does not exceed 1:2.(1) Local anesthetics other than bupivacaine may trigger the immediate release of bupivacaine from the liposomal formulation when administered together locally.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Use of additional agents that are associated with methemoglobinemia may further increase the risk of methemoglobinemia.(1) Patients who are at increased risk of developing methemoglobinemia include those with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, congenital or idiopathic methemoglobinemia, cardiac or pulmonary compromise, infants under 6 months of age, and concurrent exposure to oxidizing agents or their metabolites are more susceptible to developing clinical manifestations of the condition. If local anesthetics must be used in these patients, close monitoring for symptoms and signs of methemoglobinemia is recommended.(1)

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Avoid the use of other local anesthetics within 96 hours following the administration of long-acting bupivacaine. In patients for whom use is required, monitor for neurologic and cardiovascular effects. Also monitor for methemoglobinemia with use of articaine, benzocaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, procaine, ropivacaine, and tetracaine.(1,2)

Non-liposomal bupivacaine may be administered in the same syringe as bupivacaine liposomal or injected immediately before bupivacaine liposomal as long as the ratio of mg of non-liposomal bupivacaine to mg of bupivacaine liposomal does not exceed 1:2.(1) Lidocaine may be administered 20 minutes or more prior to bupivacaine. It is unknown if other local anesthetics may be used without compromising the release characteristic of bupivacaine liposomal.(1)

DISCUSSION: Concurrent use of other local anesthetics or use of other local anesthetics within 96 hours following long-acting bupivacaine may result in additive neurologic and cardiovascular effects. Use of articaine, benzocaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, procaine, ropivacaine, and tetracaine may also increase the risk of methemoglobinemia.(1,2) Non-liposome bupivacaine may impact the pharmacokinetic and/or physicochemical properties of the liposomal formulation when administered in the same syringe or used simultaneously unless the ratio of mg of non-liposomal bupivacaine to mg of bupivacaine liposomal does not exceed 1:2.(1)

Local anesthetics other than bupivacaine may trigger the immediate release of bupivacaine from the liposomal formulation when administered together locally. Lidocaine may be administered 20 minutes or more prior to bupivacaine. It is unknown if other local anesthetics may be used without compromising the release characteristic of bupivacaine liposomal.(1)

BUPIVACAINE LIPOSOME, EXPAREL, XARACOLL, ZYNRELEF

There are 0 moderate interactions.

The following contraindication information is available for PYRIDIUM (phenazopyridine hcl):

Overview
Contraindicated
Severe
Moderate

Drug contraindication overview.

No enhanced Contraindications information available for this drug.

There are 5 contraindications. Absolute contraindication.

Contraindication List
Acute hepatitis
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6Pd) deficiency
Hemoglobin H disease
Hemolytic anemia from pyruvate kinase and g6PD deficiencies
Uremia

There are 1 severe contraindications. Adequate patient monitoring is recommended for safer drug use.

Severe List
Kidney disease with reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFr)

There are 0 moderate contraindications.

The following adverse reaction information is available for PYRIDIUM (phenazopyridine hcl):

Overview
Severe
Less Severe

Adverse reaction overview.

No enhanced Common Adverse Effects information available for this drug.

There are 9 severe adverse reactions.

More Frequent	Less Frequent
None.	None.

Rare/Very Rare
Allergic dermatitis Drug-induced hepatitis Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6Pd) deficiency anemia Hemolytic anemia Jaundice Kidney disease with reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFr) Methemoglobinemia Non-infective meningitis Skin rash

There are 3 less severe adverse reactions.

More Frequent	Less Frequent
None.	Abdominal pain with cramps Dizziness Headache disorder

Rare/Very Rare
None.

The following precautions are available for PYRIDIUM (phenazopyridine hcl):

Pediatric
Pregnant
Lactation
Geriatric

No enhanced Pediatric Use information available for this drug.

Contraindicated

None

Severe Precaution

None

Management or Monitoring Precaution

None

No enhanced Pregnancy information available for this drug.

No enhanced Lactation information available for this drug.

No enhanced Geriatric Use information available for this drug.